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Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steersBrown, Erin Gwen 12 April 2006 (has links)
Objectives of this research were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in
growing and finishing steers and examine phenotypic correlations between performance,
feed efficiency, carcass, digestib ility, and physiological indicator traits. The research
included two growing studies and one finishing study. Braunvieh-sired crossbred steers
(n = 169) and Santa Gertrudis steers (n = 120) were individually fed a roughage-based
diet for 77 d during the growing phase. Santa Gertrudis steers (n = 120) were
individually fed a grain-based diet for 80 d during the finishing phase. Individual body
weight (BW) and feed intake data were recorded. Residual feed intake was calculated as
the difference between actual dry matter intake (DMI) and DMI predicted from linear
regression of DMI on mid-test metabolic BW. During the growing phase, initial
ultrasound measures of 12th rib fat thickness (FT) and final ultrasound measures of
Longissimus muscle area (LMA), FT, and intramuscular fat (IMF) were obtained.
During the finishing phase, initial and final LMA, FT, and IMF ultrasound
measurements were obtained. Finishing steers were slaughtered at 1.0 cm of FT and carcass cooler traits measured. Blood samples were collected at the start and end of each
feeding period and analyzed for physiological indicators. Temperament traits were also
measured at the start and end of each feeding period.
Growing and finishing steers with low RFI consumed 19-22% less feed than
growing and finishing steers with high RFI, but did not differ in average daily gain
(ADG). Consequently, steers with low RFI were also more efficient as measured by feed
conversion ratio and partial efficiency of growth. Steers with low RFI had less FT
compared to steers with high RFI. Initial serum IGF-I was correlated with RFI in
growing steers indicating that IGF-I could be a potential indicator trait for RFI in
growing cattle. Additionally, RFI was correlated with digestibility to indicate more
efficient cattle had higher dry matter digestibility. Results indicate that RFI has potential
to allow producers to select more efficient animals without increasing growth rate.
Moreover, serum IGF-I may facilitate early detection and more accurate selection of
animals that are superior for growing RFI.
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Utilization of lipid by primiparous beef heifers during the postpartum periodFilley, Shelby Jean 05 May 1998 (has links)
Graduation date: 1998
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Effect of Zinc, Copper and Selenium supplementation on the humoral immune response of weaned beef steersDill, Thomas O. 03 May 1991 (has links)
Two studies were conducted to determine the
effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and/or selenium (Se)
on the humoral immune response of weaned steers fed
diets deficient in these minerals. Steers were bled
weekly for eight weeks to measure plasma mineral
levels. Humoral immune response was measured as
antibody response to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)
over seven weeks of the trials. Steers were injected
with 0.5 ml KLH vaccine on weeks 2 and 5 of the Zn
study. Ten steers (5 per treatment) were randomly
assigned to either a Zn supplemented (z), 3.25 ml
injectable zinc-oxide suspension (100 mg/ml oil) or a
control (c) treatment. Plasma Zn was maintained at
higher (P<.05) levels in supplemented steers from week
3 through week 8. Humoral immune response was not
different (P>.10) between treatments. In 1988, 20
steers were stratified by weaning weight and randomly
assigned to one of four treatments: 1) Injectable Se 1
ml Mu-Se/ 90.9 kg body weight, 2) Injectable Molycu 2
ml, 3) control, or 4) Se + Cu. Plasma Cu was higher
(P<.05) in treatments 2 and 4 from week 2 through 8.
Steers were injected with 0.5 ml of KLH vaccine on
weeks 2 and 6. Immune response was not different
(P>.10) between Cu supplemented steers and other
treatments. Plasma Se was higher (P<.05) in treatment
1 as compared to 2 and 3, but not different (P>.10)
from 4. Immune response was highest (P<.05) in
treatment 1 with others not different(P>.10). In 1990,
a second trial was conducted with 48 steers stratified
by weight and randomly assigned to one of the same four
treatments. Plasma Cu was higher (P<.05) on week 3 for
both groups receiving Cu. Plasma Se was higher (P<.05)
on weeks 2 through 5 for both groups receiving Se.
Humoral immune response was higher (P<.05) on weeks 7
and 8 for both groups receiving Se. Humoral immune
response was uneffected by Zn status of weaned beef
steers. Selenium had a positive effect and Cu had no
effect on humoral immune response of weaned beef
steers. Copper also tended (P=.07) to reduce the
positive response from Se. / Graduation date: 1991
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Utilization of tropical pasture by beef cattle : the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) and in situ mineral release in the rumenBuck, Kevin January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66). / vii, 66 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm
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Daily vs alternate day supplementation of soybean meal or wheat middlings to steers consuming low quality hayShirley, Tyson R. 22 July 2002 (has links)
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of daily (D) vs
alternate day (AD) supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) or wheat
middlings (WM) on forage organic matter intake (OMI), ruminal digesta
kinetics, total tract digestibility, and ADG of steers consuming low quality
forage. In Exp. 1, five Angus x Hereford steers (403 �� 32 kg) fitted with
rumen cannulas were utilized in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Steers were
individually fed low-quality (5.3% CP) fescue hay ad libitum and were
randomly assigned to one of five treatments: no supplement (CON); WM
fed daily (WMD); WM fed every other day (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD);
and SBM fed every other day (SBMAD). Supplements were formulated to
meet 100% of degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable protein
(MP) requirements. Supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total
OMI (g���kg��������BW�����) and total OM digestibility (%) compared to CON. Daily
supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI and hay and total
OM digestibility when compared with AD supplementation. Hay OMI and
hay OM digestibility was greater (P<0.01) for SBM compared to WM, but
total OMI and total OM digestibility was not different (P>0.38). In Exp. 2,
96 Angus crossbred steers (280 �� 32 kg) were blocked by weight (three
groups) into 12 pens in a randomized complete block design. Steers were
fed low-quality (6.2% CP) fescue straw ad libitum, and one of four
supplements formulated to meet 100% of the DIP requirements: WM fed
daily (WMD); WM fed 3d/week (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM
fed 3d/week (SBMAD). Straw OMI was greater (P<0.03) for D compared
with AD supplemented treatments and for SBM compared with WM
supplemented treatments. Total OMI was greater (P<0.01) for D
compared with AD supplemented treatments, however, SBM had similar
total OMI when compared with WM supplemented treatments. Daily
supplemented steers had greater (P=0.03) ADG when compared with AD
supplemented steers. Despite having lower forage intake and similar total
OMI, steers consuming WM had higher (P<0.01) ADG when compared to
steers consuming SBM. / Graduation date: 2003
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Effect of Age, Diet, Hormone Status, and their Interactions on Protein and Fat Accretion in Feedlot CattleSchoonmaker, Jon P. 19 March 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Effect of soybean protein supplements with low quality roughage on performance and digestive characteristics of weaned beef steersAlbro, Jonathan D. 03 February 1992 (has links)
Graduation date: 1992
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The effects of different dietary fibre levels on methane production and growth performance of Bonsmara and Nguni steersJiyana, Sanele Thabani 12 1900 (has links)
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different dietary fibre levels on methane production and growth performance of Bonsmara and Nguni steers. Nine Bonsmara and nine Nguni male weaners aged 8 – 9 months were used for the study. On arrival, animals were fed Eragrostis curvula hay on ad libitum basis for the first 14 days as part of adaptation to the feedlot environment. Animals were gradually adapted to treatments to prevent metabolic disorders. The study was conducted as a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were allocated in a completely randomised design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Student's t-LSD was calculated at the 5 % level (P < 0.05) to compare treatment means for significant effects. Feeding a diet that is low in crude fibre content had significantly increased (P < 0.05) growth performance in both breeds. Bonsmara steers had significantly higher growth performance (P < 0.0001) across all treatment diets compared to Nguni steers. High rumen total microbial count was observed in animals that received diets with low crude fibre. Reducing dietary crude fibre resulted in reduced methane production. Low dietary fibre showed low rumen archaea counts. There was a positive correlation between rumen pH and methane emission for both Bonsmara (R2 = 0.9105) and Nguni (R2 = 0.9517) steers. However, a negative correlation was observed between rumen total microbial count and feed conversion ratio for both Bonsmara (R2 = 0.8286) and Nguni (R2 = 0.7208) steers. The low rumen archaea counts were detected from the Bonsmara. Feeding diets with low fibre levels is recommended for improving growth performance and reducing methane production for Bonsmara and Nguni steers. / Agriculture and Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Effects of camelina meal supplementation on ruminal forage degradability, performance, and physiological responses of beef cattleCappellozza, Bruno Ieda 17 February 2012 (has links)
Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements with (CAM) or without (CO) inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/d). Steers receiving CAM had reduced (P = 0.01) total DMI and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) forage DMI compared to CO. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.35) for ruminal hay degradability parameters. In Exp. 2, 14 steers receiving CAM (1.52 kg of DM/d) or CO (1.65 kg of DM/d) were assigned to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.1 μg/kg of BW) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 0.33 μg/kg of BW) challenges. Steers receiving CAM had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of PUFA compared to CO prior to challenges. Upon CRH infusion, mean plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations increased at a lesser rate in CAM compared with CO (P < 0.01). Upon TRH infusion, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.55) for serum TSH, T₃, and T₄. In Exp. 3, 60 steers were allocated to 20 drylot pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive CAM (2.04 kg of DM/steer daily) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/steer daily) during preconditioning
(PC; d -28 to 0). On the morning of d 0, steers were transported for 24 h. Upon arrival from transport on d 1, pens were randomly assigned to receive, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, CAM or CO during feedlot receiving (FR; d 1 to 29). During PC, CAM had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) ADG compared to CO. Plasma linolenic acid concentrations increased during PC for CAM, but not for CO (P = 0.02). Steers that received CAM during FR had greater (P < 0.05) mean plasma concentrations of PUFA, and reduced mean rectal temperature and concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin during FR compared to CO. Therefore, camelina supplementation reduced forage and total DMI, did not alter thyroid gland function, increased PUFA concentrations in blood, and attenuated the acute-phase protein reaction elicited by neuroendocrine stress responses. In conclusion, camelina meal is a feasible ingredient to reduce stress-induced inflammatory reactions and potentially promote cattle welfare and productivity in beef operations. / Graduation date: 2012
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