Minuet was one of the popular dances in the court during 17th century. It became one of the multi-movement instrumental music during 18th century. In Beethoven¡¦s multi-movement instrumental music, minuet movement was replaced by scherzo in quite early stage. There are 10 movements in Beethoven¡¦s piano sonatas; those are minuet or music with minuet material. In this thesis, the historical background of minuet is introduced first; in addition the step and the music function are also mentioned. In the 2nd section, the innovation of Beethoven and the characteristic style in these minuet will be discussed; moreover, the minuet movements of Beethoven¡¦s piano sonatas will be divided into three types: (1). The title of the movements is minuet; (2). The tempo mark of the movements is minuet; (3). The style of the movements is between minuet and scherzo. Finally, the conclusion will be given. Beethoven composed minuets rarely after his piano sonata op. 54. From analyzing the music, it should be clear to show the reason why Beethoven yielded his direction from minuet to scherzo.

<p>Inspelning av Beethovens sonat för horn och piano finns som CD-bilaga.</p><p>Andreas Lundmark - Horn</p><p>Katarina Ström Harg - Piano</p><p>Bilaga: 1 CD</p>

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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Treatise (D.M.A.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (M.M.)--University of North Texas, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-108).

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Sonata in C Major for Violin &lt;br&gt;J.S. Bach &lt;br&gt;Bach began composing his six sonatas and partitas for solo violin while in Weimar, but completed the set during his time as Kapellmeister in K��then. Although completed in 1720, during a time in which the solo violin repertoire was actively growing, these works were not published until 1802 and did not gain recognition until Josef Joachim began performing them. Today the six sonatas and partitas are an essential part of the violin repertoire and have served as an example for later polyphonic compositions for solo violin. The Sonata in C Major is the penultimate piece in Bach���s set of sonatas and partitas. It is the first of the set written in a major key, although the key area and tonality are very ambiguous in the first movement, Adagio. The Fuga is the longest and most complex movement, illustrating many contrapuntal techniques, such as stretto, inversion, and double counterpoint. The four movements of the Sonata in C Major follow the typical slow-fast-slow-fast pattern of the sonata da chiesa form. &lt;br&gt;Graceful Ghost Rag &lt;br&gt;William Bolcom &lt;br&gt;William Bolcom, American composer and pianist, wrote Graceful Ghost Rag, in 1970. Although his earliest compositions followed serial technique, this piece follows his mission to embrace a variety of musical styles, in an effort to break boundaries between popular music styles and high art music styles. This philosophy began to influence his compositions in the 1960���s. Throughout his career, Bolcom has composed pieces across many genres, including operas, concerti, symphonies, string quartets, sonatas, rags, cabaret songs, and musical theater works. Bolcom is also an avid performer. He has recorded twenty albums in collaboration with his wife, mezzo-soprano Joan Morris. The couple���s most often performed and recorded works include showtunes, parlour, and popular songs from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. &lt;br&gt;Sonata No. 9 for Violin and Piano in A Major, Op. 47, ���Kreutzer��� &lt;br&gt;Ludwig van Beethoven &lt;br&gt;Although Beethoven���s ninth violin sonata is named after the great violinist of the time, Rodolphe Kreutzer, it is rumored that Kreutzer never played it, claiming that it was too difficult to understand and to play. Beethoven originally dedicated the sonata to George Bridgetower, another prominent violinist at the time, who performed the premiere with Beethoven at the piano. The 8:00am premiere was a success, despite the fact that Bridgetower was sight-reading the piece. However, shortly after the premiere, Beethoven became angry with Bridgetower and rededicated the sonata to Kreutzer when Bridgetower made a disparaging remark about a woman whom Beethoven was fond of. Today, the ���Kreutzer��� sonata is one of the most loved and demanding pieces of the violin and piano repertoire. &lt;br&gt;The ���Kreutzer��� sonata was composed in the period after Beethoven���s Heilegenstadt Testament. In 1800, Beethoven had begun to loose his hearing. Despite a trip to Heilegenstadt to rest in an attempt to reverse or stop his hearing loss, it was now certain that he would suffer permanent and complete hearing loss. In a letter to his brothers, he contemplated suicide but ultimately decided against it, citing the reason for his change of heart as his need to express himself in music. This document was found after his death and is now known as the Heilegenstadt Testament. It is not only an important document used to understand the life of Beethoven but also a chapter in the beginning of the idea of music as self expression, ushering in the Romantic Era. &lt;br&gt;The third movement of the ���Kreutzer��� was originally composed for another sonata, but Beethoven felt that it was too brilliant in sound and style; therefore, he saved it for a later composition. Because the three movements are so different in character, it may seem that the third movement was simply added to the end of the first two, but after closer study, it is apparent that the rhythmic motive of the Presto inspired the first two movements. The ���up-down��� feeling of the rhythm in the Presto can be felt in all movements, even in the violin chords at the beginning of the piece, which are to be played essentially as two double-stops. / Mary Pappert School of Music / Music Performance / MM; / Recital;

Beethoven composed five sonatas and three variations for cello and piano in his lifetime. His five cello sonatas (including two in his early, one in the middle and two in the late period), a series of very interesting compositions, showed different styles of different time. These two ¡§Cello Sonatas, Opus 102¡¨ are Beethoven¡¦s last composition for cello. They are marked the beginning of Beethoven¡¦s late composition style, as well as the most important compositions in the year of 1815. Hence we can say that those two pieces have attained considerable importance: not only in the change of style, but also in the innovation of his composing skills. Other than that, in these two ¡§Cello Sonata, Opus 102¡¨, the way of his composing for cello idioms heavily has influenced the six string quartets he composed later. This paper is mainly based on those two ¡§Cello Sonatas, Opus 102¡¨ in Beethoven late career. It discusses the composing background of those two pieces, the techniques in which they were written, and the characters of its music. In addition, the paper would initially mention the improvement of string instruments and the progresses of performing techniques in the 18th Century, and how the cellists around Beethoven influenced his compositions. Further, we can even find, by his late two cello sonatas and chamber music, how Beethoven has improved the conventional role of cello.

Zugl.: Dortmund, Univ., Diss., 2005/2006