Barriers to technology integration are not a new phenomenon for educators, however resolving the issues surrounding the barriers necessitates the use of appropriate methods to accurately identify them. The purpose of this study is to investigate (a) whether or not Gilberts Behavioral Engineering Model is an appropriate instrument for identifying barriers to technology integration in an educational setting, particularly a public school and (b) can Gilberts Behavioral Engineering model be used in a public school to identify barriers to technology integration. The research and design methods were conducted in two phases. In Phase I, a model usability study was conducted through an online Cause Analysis survey based on Chevalier's updated model. The survey was administered to 80 teachers and four administrators in a public school. In phase II, two expert reviewers validated the process used to implement the Behavior Engineering Model. The data from the Cause Analysis indicated that participants believed there was a lack of financial and non-financial incentives for integrating technology and that the management and reporting system did not adequately track the use of technology. The expert reviewers both agreed that Gilberts model was implemented correctly identified barriers to technology integration and revealed a performance gap. They also agreed that Gilberts model is appropriate to use in a public school setting. / Ed. D.

Professionals called upon to design and deliver online professional development face unique challenges in fulfilling those roles when they may have little or no training experience within the online medium. Using research-based recommendations from the literature via a design and development methodology, this study operationalizes findings into Gilbert's (1978) Behavior Engineering Model to create guidelines for designing and delivering continuing professional development within the online medium. An expert review serves to validate and lead the revision process for the guidelines. This study describes the literature, guideline development, experts' reviews, and the validation of the guidelines. / Doctor of Philosophy / Often, individuals in the workforce are asked to design and teach professional development that is not delivered in a face to face setting. It is a challenging task that could be made easier by following guidance that has been developed by instructional designers and researchers. As such, this study highlights the techniques and best practices located within the publications from the fields of professional development, online learning, and instructional design. These techniques and best practices have been organized into a performance improvement model established by Thomas F. Gilbert entitled The Behavior Engineering Model (1978) and follows the research method known as development research. The findings of this study were reviewed by three experts who research the areas of online learning, performance improvement, and instructional design.

The fusion of the Internet with instructional design, and curricula delivery methods eliminated transactional distance in online learning. However, distance education (DE) in Nigeria has not aligned its pedagogy to the new reality in technology. The purposes of this non-experimental, predictive, validity study were to determine faculty and administrators' perceived barriers and concerns to online adoption and to validate the behavior engineering model (BEM) instrument. Ninety-six respondents from four public universities in Nigeria completed the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used respectively, to assess barriers and concerns militating against faculty and administrators' online adoption, as well as validate the survey instruments. For faculty and administrators, incentive, motive, knowledge and skills influenced DE adoption. Except for age, all demographic factors influenced faculty's concerns. Gender was observed to influence administrators' concern. "Level of online use" influenced neither faculty nor administrators' concerns. Technographic characteristics influenced faculty, but not administrators.' Though the BEM instrument was reliable in measuring faculty and administrator's stages of concern, however, the 6-factor BEM, tested at the 95% significant level, did not give a good fit. The study contributes to positive social change by identifying gaps to effective DE implementation, and recommended the appropriate interventions to transform the DE experience for students and their universities. The study also proposed the framework to fast track Nigeria's vision and mission for DE.

The purpose of this study is to design, develop and evaluate an electronic performance support system (EPSS) for the crime scene investigation unit (CSI). For this purpose, a sequential explanatory strategy as a procedure of the mixed method design was used in analysis and evaluation of the EPSS. The research was composed of three main phases: analysis / design, development and implementation, and evaluation of the EPSS. In first phase composed of performance and cause analyses, the CSI Unit&rsquo / s existing information, and contributing causal performance factors based on Gilbert&rsquo / Behavior Engineering Model were explored. In performance analysis phase, official documentation of the CSI Unit was reviewed. As for cause analysis, the survey and focus group interviews were conducted to 1176 and 22 CSI officers, respectively. These data were analyzed using with both quantitative and qualitative methods to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate intervention and its components. Analyses results revealed that 14 basic influences grouped under the workplace and competency on human behavior impacted performance of the officers. Based on these results, an EPSS composed of intrinsic, extrinsic and external levels, and support components was designed and developed in the second phase. Having been implemented, the evaluation of the EPSS based on the Kirkpatrick&rsquo / Four Levels of Evaluation Model was conducted v to determine the overall impact, perceived benefits, and effectiveness of the intervention in third phase. In this phase, a survey, interviews, computer logs and a checklist were used so as to assess the accomplishment of the EPSS. While the survey and the checklist were administered to the 191 officers and 2 experts from the field, the interviews were conducted with 12 officers. Evaluation results admitted that the CSI officers&rsquo / reactions were very positive to the EPSS. While, an intrinsic support made a major contribution to their productivity, establishing standardization would be perceived as the major impact of the EPSS. Lastly, increasing identity and simplifying criminal justice system were the two main impact factors on the society that the system would influence positively.