This diploma thesis deals with Portuguese theatre at the epoch of Salazar's regime, at the period of military dictatorship. It focuses on the 40s to 60s of the 20th century in Portugal. The first part of the thesis deals with theatre which was used as a propagandism instrument, so called 'Popular Theatre', and with its function, repertoire and inventors. On the contrary, the second part is dedicated to the antidirectorial theatre, with an emphasis on the two most important playwrights Bernardo Santareno and Luíse de Sttau Monteiro. It reflects their activity in connection to the period. The thesis strives to describe Portuguese theatre development during this politically extremely complicated period. Key words: Portuguese theatre, António de Oliveira Salazar, censorship, Popular Theatre, engagé art, Bernardo Santareno, Luís de Sttau Monteiro