Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2006. / Title from title screen (site viewed on August 25, 2006). PDF text of dissertation: x, 247 p. : ill. ; 1.20Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3208121. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm, microfiche and paper format.

Proyecto de investigación 2017-2019, financiado por la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC).

Although excessive alcohol use poses serious risks to individual well-being, drinking alcohol may serve important functions for adolescents. Guided by the developmental action perspective, the present research examined: (a) the subjective functions that alcohol use serves for older adolescents by studying their perceptions of the importance of experiencing and avoiding consequences of drinking; (b) the extent to which these importance ratings predicted levels of alcohol use; and (c) changes in importance ratings and in drinking behaviour following experience with alcohol. In Study 1, the Scale Construction Phase, data collected from 96 young adult university students (mean age = 23.6 years) were used to develop reliable scales measuring the importance of experiencing four positive consequences (Fun, Peer Experience, Relaxation/Coping, Image/Reputation) and avoiding three negative consequences (Physical, Behavioural, Driving-related) of drinking. In Study 2, the Drinking and Social Behaviour Survey, late adolescent university students (mean age = 18.7 years) completed questionnaires on two occasions at the start of the academic year (n = 344 at Time 1 and n = 169 at Time 2). Three groups of variables were assessed: (a) the importance of experiencing and avoiding consequences of drinking: (b) levels of alcohol use (actual and planned); and (c) frequency of experiencing the seven consequences of drinking. Descriptive analyses examined gender differences in alcohol use and gender and category (i.e., positive vs. negative) differences in importance ratings and experienced consequences. Explanatory analyses demonstrated that importance ratings of positive and negative consequences predicted concurrent and subsequent changes in alcohol use. Moreover, multiple regression and path analyses (using LISREL) showed that the experience of positive but not negative drinking-related consequences predicted short-term changes in positive and negative importance ratings and in intentions to drink. The discussion focuses on the active role played by the adolescent participants in shaping their own drinking behaviour, and on the relative importance of positive versus negative consequences in motivating or limiting adolescent alcohol use. / Graduate

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Traditionally brewed beers are of cultural and economic importance to many African nations. The presence of mycotoxins in African beer is a topic that needs to be addressed, since most African countries have a climate of high humidity and temperature that favours the growth of moulds. Mycotoxins challenge not only the health of animals and humans, but also the economy, especially in underdeveloped countries where contamination is most likely. Literature proves that mycotoxins depict various effects on the immune system including immunotoxicity. Beer analysis is therefore of utmost importance in order to evaluate organoleptic characteristics, quality, nutritional value as well as safety. The aims of this study involve the analysis and comparison of traditional and commercial beer in terms of physical characteristics, mycotoxin concentrations as well as effects on specific immune pathway biomarkers in order to elucidate possible immunotoxicity. / South Africa

Thesis PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415).

No description available.

Intake of sweetened beverages in North America has risen in past decades. Concurrently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased. To our knowledge, there has been no examination of the relationship between childrens beverage intake and body mass index (BMI) with nationally representative Canadian data. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between beverage patterns and BMI in Canadian children. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (2004) included: dietary information, collected via 24-hour recall, and demographics, socio-economic status, physical activity, and food security, collected by interview, and measured anthropometrics.<p> In this study, subjects aged 2 to 18 years (n=10,038) were included if they had complete anthropometric, dietary and socio-demographic information. The following groups were created: 2 to 5 years (both sexes), 6 to 11 years female, 6 to 11 years male, 12 to 18 years female, 12 to 18 years male. Beverage data categorized and grouped into four categories: sugar-sweetened, nutrient-based, alcoholic, and non-caloric. Descriptive analysis was completed for intake of beverages, energy, vitamin C, and calcium. Cluster analysis identified beverage patterns by age-sex groups and allowed comparisons across clusters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was completed. Results were weighted and bootstrapped to obtain population-level estimates and account for the complex survey design. Children who drank mostly sweetened beverages consumed 16-18% of total daily energy from such drinks. Across age groups, older boys and girls drank more sweetened beverages than preceding groups (p<0.05). In cluster analyses, five beverage clusters emerged for children 2 to 5 years, six clusters for 6 to 11 years, and four clusters for 12 to 18 years. No significant relationship emerged between beverage pattern and BMI among children 2 to 5 years, girls 6 to 11 years, or youth 12 to 18 years (both sexes). Boys 6 to 11 years whose beverage pattern was characterized by soft drink intake (553 g ± 29) had increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.25-4.15) compared to a moderate beverage pattern. Data for boys aged 6 to 11 years suggest that sweetened beverages may be associated with overweight and obesity.

Intake of sweetened beverages in North America has risen in past decades. Concurrently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased. To our knowledge, there has been no examination of the relationship between childrens beverage intake and body mass index (BMI) with nationally representative Canadian data. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between beverage patterns and BMI in Canadian children. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (2004) included: dietary information, collected via 24-hour recall, and demographics, socio-economic status, physical activity, and food security, collected by interview, and measured anthropometrics.<p> In this study, subjects aged 2 to 18 years (n=10,038) were included if they had complete anthropometric, dietary and socio-demographic information. The following groups were created: 2 to 5 years (both sexes), 6 to 11 years female, 6 to 11 years male, 12 to 18 years female, 12 to 18 years male. Beverage data categorized and grouped into four categories: sugar-sweetened, nutrient-based, alcoholic, and non-caloric. Descriptive analysis was completed for intake of beverages, energy, vitamin C, and calcium. Cluster analysis identified beverage patterns by age-sex groups and allowed comparisons across clusters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was completed. Results were weighted and bootstrapped to obtain population-level estimates and account for the complex survey design. Children who drank mostly sweetened beverages consumed 16-18% of total daily energy from such drinks. Across age groups, older boys and girls drank more sweetened beverages than preceding groups (p<0.05). In cluster analyses, five beverage clusters emerged for children 2 to 5 years, six clusters for 6 to 11 years, and four clusters for 12 to 18 years. No significant relationship emerged between beverage pattern and BMI among children 2 to 5 years, girls 6 to 11 years, or youth 12 to 18 years (both sexes). Boys 6 to 11 years whose beverage pattern was characterized by soft drink intake (553 g ± 29) had increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.25-4.15) compared to a moderate beverage pattern. Data for boys aged 6 to 11 years suggest that sweetened beverages may be associated with overweight and obesity.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes vita. Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 97 pages. Includes bibliographical references.