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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

On the origin of bilaterality : insights from the study of black corals (Cnidaria : Antipatharia) / L'origine de la bilatéralité : apports de l'étude des coraux noirs (Cnidaria : Antipatharia)

Ferreira Gonçalves, João 28 September 2016 (has links)
L’origine des symétries et des polarités est l’un des thèmes centraux de l’évolution animale. Classiquement considérée comme une innovation propre aux animaux à symétrie bilatérale (Bilateria), la bilatéralité est en fait très largement répandue chez les cnidaires, groupe-frère des Bilateria, principalement au sein de la classe des anthozoaires. La découverte que la voie BMP étai différentiellement exprimé selon l’axe secondaire de N. vectensis a fait que sur la base d’arguments moléculaires certains travaux postulent que la bilatéralité est antérieure à la divergence cnidaires/bilateria (Finnerty et al. 2004, Matus et al. 2006), alors que d’autres chercheurs mettent en avant l’hypothèse d’une convergence sur la base d’arguments anatomiques et phylogénétiques (Manuel 2009). Chez Nematostella les gènes Hox sont différentiellement exprimés dans l’axe directeur et leur expression est contrôlée par la voie BMP. Notre étude avec l’espèce Antipathes caribbeana, un corail noir (Antipatharia) a permet âpre confirmation de ça anatomie a interne a symétrie bilatéral l’étude de l’expression de ces gènes et a discuter l’origine de la bilatéralité. / The origin of body axis is one of the central themes on animal evolution. Usually regarded as an innovation of Bilateria, the bilateral symmetry is broadly distributed in the Anthozoan class of Cnidarians. The molecular basis of this Anthozoan bilaterality have been studied in Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria), and the discovery that the BMP-pathway was differentially expressed along the secondary axis lead authors to presume that bilaterality was ancestral to the Cnidaria/Bilateria divergence (Finnerty et al. 2004, Matus et al. 2006), while Manuel (2009) preferred a convergence hypothesis based on comparative anatomy and phylogeny. In opposition to Bilateria, HOX genes have recently been shown to be differentially expressed along the secondary axis of N. vectensis. In order to do evolutive inferences from these results it is necessary to study the HOX genes and BMP genes expression patterns in other Anthozoan species. Our study with the antipatharian colonial species Antipathes caribbeana focuses on the detailed anatomy of the polyp, confirming the previously doubtful bilateral organization of its polyps. In order to compare Antipatharian species to N. vectensis, a comparison between the mesenteric formation and symmetries on the different groups of anthozoans is presented, allowing to establish the homology between their secondary axis. The study of the expression of HOX and BMP genes in A. caribbeana shows that they are, as in Nematostella, differentially expressed along the secondary axis. Reinforcing the idea that bilaterality is ancestral to the Cnidaria/Bilateria divergence and that HOX genes have a patterning role on the secondary axis of Anthozoans.

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