Abstract/ Concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note and its types The purpose of my thesis is to provide an introduction to the concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note particularly regarding its substantial requirements and stipulations. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One provides an introduction into the history of bills of exchange. It mainly deals with the unification of legal regulations in Europe and with the process of evolution of legal regulations of both promissory notes and bills of exchange in Czech Republic. Chapter Two of the thesis is the basic introduction into the concept of a bill of exchange and a promissory note as a security, which is also, together with Chapter Three, dealing with the parties to the promissory note and bill of exchange. This chapter provides necessary introduction and basis for the next chapters four and five. Chapter Four is called "Substantial requirements of the bill of exchange". This chapter is one of the key parts of the whole thesis and it describes in detail all the substantial requirements of the bill of exchange. In situations where specialized literature does not provide unanimous point of view on some issues, the thesis provides with different perspectives of views held by authors often supported with judgments of the courts....

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the practical application of the bill of exchange and cheque law from 1950. In the introduction is mentioned the meaning and main functions of payment condition in sales cantract in general. Following chapters contens description of bill of exchange and cheque as payment instruments and especially their usage in the practice and explication of the law from the 1950.

This thesis deals with the bill of exchange, which fulfils a specific funkction. It is s security for a debt. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is concerned with the legal regulations of the bill of exchange generally. The second part deals with the bill of exchange as a security for a debt. This part completes the first part. The last part is concerned with the practical use of the bill of exchange within the bank credit.

A bill of exchange was historically used for payment purposes. However, over time it was figured out that it can designate as a securing instrument. Such a usage of a bill of exchange brings as well a series of theoretical and practical confusions. Therefore, one of the main aims of this thesis is to analyze a securing bill of exchange and examine and describe the different attributes and specifics that bind to it. Another main aim of this thesis is securing bill of exchange to be compared with another hedging instruments which are provided by civil law, such as the pledge and the suretyship. Because of this comparison it is easier to show if the bill of exchange is an appropriate securing instrument, and what are its strengths and weaknesses. As a working method is using analysis and comparison. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter sets out the aims and the direction which the thesis will take and further outline of the content of each chapter. The second chapter deals with the general definition of a bill of exchange, lists the types of a bill of exchange that exist. It also defines the functions of a bill of exchange, where these functions are meant a tender, payment tool or securing instrument. The third chapter describes the essence of a securing bill of exchange, which...

- 1 - Abstract The topic of my diploma thesis is "The concept and types of bills of exchange and promissory notes". The reason why I chose this topic is my interest in securities law, especially in bill of exchange law, and my previous work experience. I regularly work with bill of exchange law in my employment so this is a reason why I have decided to expand my knowledge of this particular law. The bill of exchange and check act number 191/1950 Coll., as amended, is the basis of legislation for this kind of law in the Czech Republic. The most significant advantage of this act is the constancy, which is given by the general method of treatment of this issue. This advantage can be considered as one of the main disadvantages too, because the solution of unique issues is left to case law and literature. This is a reason, why the core of this diploma thesis is chapter 5, where I analyse the essential requirements of bill of exchange and promissory note. Also the issue of graphical design is a very interesting and actual topic. The diploma thesis is structure into seven chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the historical development of bill of exchange and promissory note. This chapter contains also the historical development of individual institutes of bill of exchange law. The second chapter discusses the...

- Blank Note This thesis deals with blank note (incomplete instrument) as a particular subset of promissory notes/bills of exchange. It is comprised of a brief introduction on history of securities followed by a summarization of development of prommisory note, including its legislative history in the Czech Republic. International conferences aiming to unify the subject matter are also considered. The main body of the text aims to define the incomplete instrument; the definitions itself subsequently subdivided to provide comprehensive description of form, minimal content of the instrument, demands placed on signature and on the intent of parties to create an inchoate note. A whole individual chapter investigates one of the crucial elements typical of incomplete instrument, which is authority to fill in empty spots as given by the signee to a holder. Thus, its goal is to illustrate its nature and the ways it can originate and terminate. It being the crucial issue of many litigations concerning a once incomplete promissory note, particular attention is given to termination of such authority while the largest part of this chapter looks at application of licence to fill in violation of the authority given. In this context, a brief description of possible penal repercussions follows. The thesis also...

The final thesis is divided into seven chapters, which are divided into several sub-chapters. First chapter contains short introduction about the main focus of the thesis and the purpose of the work. Its aim is to test the hypothesis that the securing bill of exchange is a suitable tool to secure obligations and, if so, under what conditions. Despite the common opinion that advantages are on the creditors' side, reader will also see pitfalls that accompany its use. Second chapter explains the concept of bill of exchange from a broader perspective, including its evolution and development of current legislation. It also compares legislation of Czech Republic and European Union with a brief look into some differences of Anglo- American law of bills of exchange. There are also defined types of bills of exchange with their requirements described in this chapter. Third chapter deals with securing bill of exchange in detail. It explains its characteristics, content and scope. Subchapter 3.3 is devoted to the most commonly used type of securing bill of exchange-blank bill. There are also results of the survey of usage of bills of exchange with description. Reader will learn about advantages and disadvantages of securing bill of exchange. Fourth chapter is a brief explanation of the various aspects of agreement on...

- The concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note The topic of the master thesis is "The concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note". This topic has been chosen for its attractiveness, topicality and difficulty. The author's work experience was the motivation for the selection of this topic. The objective of the diploma thesis is to give a characterization of the bill of exchange and promissory note, to explain what kinds of them exist and to analyse their essential elements. The diploma thesis is structured into eight chapters. The first chapter introduces the issue of bills of exchange and promissory notes and outlines the objectives of the thesis. The second chapter discusses briefly the history of the bill of exchange and promissory note and of the bill of exchange law at all. It is divided into three sections in which it is referred to the origin of the bills of exchange, to the historical importance of the bill of exchange law and especially to the international dimension, which the bill of exchange law acquire and which contributes to almost perfect current legislation in our country. The third chapter is devoted to the sources of exchange law in the Czech Republic and to the relations between them. The greatest attention is dedicated to the bill of exchange and check act number...

This Thesis concentrates on special instruments of the Bill of Exchange - aval, protest and domicile. The Paper describes their legal framework and currentcase law.The Thesis is divided into three parts, each of which is dedicated to one of the above mentioned institutes of the Bill of Exchange. A case fom author's law practice is included in the chapter dedicated to aval. It specifically elaborates on particularities of the Bill of Exhange avalation. The chapter about protest analyses the author's survey (2013)in which a couple of Czech municipal administrations were requested to certify a protest of a Bill of Exchange.

The purpose of my thesis, bearing the title "The principle of draft rigorousness (rigor cambii) in the perspective of Czech substantive and procedural law", is to analyze the term of draft rigorousness as well as to consider its influence on chosen institutes of the draft law. The reason to choose such topic for my thesis is my deep interest in this area of law, thanks to its precise regulation and rich history of evolvement of individual draft institutes. The paper is divided into five parts, where the introductory part is followed by three major chapters and the conclusion. The first of the chapters is called The Draft rigorousness, the second The Term of draft rigorousness and the third The Individual categories of draft rigorousness. The first chapter briefly outlines the characteristics of draft law as such with reference to the rigorousness of draft law in comparison to the general legal regulation. Furthermore it provides a comparison of the continental and Anglo-Saxon draft law in terms of formality and rigorousness of the regulation. The second chapter of my thesis focuses on the term of draft rigorousness itself and attempts to define its substantiality. The issue studied is whether to understand the term of draft rigorousness only as an attribute of the draft regulation, or if it should...