Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-26T11:34:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldenise Chagas Curvello G Moreira.pdf: 1832678 bytes, checksum: 08dcbab15cec31bc62f7c570ddae3ae1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T11:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldenise Chagas Curvello G Moreira.pdf: 1832678 bytes, checksum: 08dcbab15cec31bc62f7c570ddae3ae1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / The aim this work was to characterize "cajá-umbu" fruits coming from the germplasm's collection IPA (Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco). Fruits of the 4 genotypes (G 2.2, G 2.3, G 3.1, G 3.2) were used to quantify the phytochemicals bioactive and evaluate the antioxidant potential. The polyphenols were quantified by spectrophotometric method, the ascorbic acid by titulometric method and carotenoids by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Hydroacetone, hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts were obtained using 3 extraction systems: a) sequential extraction: acetone 80%, methanol 80% and water, b) sequential extraction: water, methanol 80% and acetone 80% c) non¬sequential extraction. The isolated and combined extracts were submitted to the determination of total phenolic content, screened for their free DPPH- (1,1¬diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil) and ABTS-+) (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazoline 6¬sulfonic acid) scavenging activity, and their effect on the linoleic acid peroxidation by the system of co-oxidation r3-carotene/acid linoleic and ferric thiocyanate method. The fruits showed significant content of polyphenols, low levels of ascorbic acid and carotenoids. The I3-carotene 5-6, 5'6'-diepoxide was the major component of genotypes G 2.2, G 2.3, G 3.1, and 5-6 epoxide lutein for G 3.2. The extraction procedure which employed acetone 80% as first solvent could extract a larger amount of total phenolic. Ali genotypes exhibited good DPPH- scavenging activity (ECSD value of 0.30 to 0.43, TEcSD value of 8.98 to 15.24 minutes, and EA value of 0.18 to 0.40), significant ABTS-+ scavenging capacity (55.56 a 120.08 IJMol TEAC.g-1) and high percentage of inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid (88.45 to 92.89%). In co-oxidation of linoleic acid/r3-carotene system exhibited moderate activity (56.91 to 69.41 % inhibition), showing that they are effective in blocking the onset of oxidation reaction (F1 <1), but the propagation phase, G 3.2 genotype showed higher efficiency (F2 <1). Therefore, fruits of "cajá-umbuzeiro" have bioactive compounds and good antioxidant potential that can contribute te the dietary intake of antioxidant. / Com o objetivo de caracterizar frutos de genótipos de cajá-umbuzeiras cultivados no Banco de Germoplasma do IPA (Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco), frutos de 4 genótipos (G 2.2; G 2.3; G 3.1; G 3.2) foram utilizados para quantificar principais fitoquímicos bioativos e avaliar o potencial antioxidante. Os polifenóis foram quantificados por método espectrofotométrico; o ácido ascórbico por método titulométrico e os carotenóides por técnicas• cromatográfica espectrofotométrica. Os extratos hidroacetônico, hidrometanólico e aquoso forar obtidos empregando-se 03 sistemas de extração: a) extração sequencial: acetom a 80%, metanol a 80% e água; b) extração sequencial: água, metanol a 80% e acetona a 80%; c) extração não sequencial. Os extratos isolados e combinados foram avaliados quanto ao teor de fenólicos totais, a capacidade de sequestrar o radical 1, 1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPHe) e o radical 2,2' -azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTSe+), a inibição da oxidação em sistema da co-oxidação l3-caroteno/ácido linoléico e pelo método tiocianato férrico. Os frutos apresentaram teor relevante de polifenó!s, baixos teores de ácido ascórbico e de carotenóides. O l3-caroteno-5,6-5'6'-diepóxido foi o componente majoritário dos genótipos G 2.2; G 2.3; G 3.1, e a luteína-5,6 epóxido do G 3.2. O procedimento de extração que empregou a acetona 80% como primeiro solvente conseguiu extrair maior quantidade de fenólicos totais. Todos os genótipos exibiram relevante capacidade de sequestro do radical DPPH (ECsD de 0,30 a 0,43, T ECSD de 8,98 a 15,24 minutos, e EA de 0,18 a 0,40), expressiva capacidade de sequestro do radical ABTSe+ (55,56 a 120,08 IlMol TEAC.g-1) e forte inibição da peroxidação do ácido linoléico (88,45 a 92,89%). Em sistema da co-oxidação do ~-caroteno/ácido linoléico exibiram ação moderada (56,91 a 69,41 % de inibição), demonstrando serem eficientes em bloquear o início da reação) de oxidação (F1 <1), porém na fase de propagação, o genótipo G 3.2 demonstrou maior eficiência (F2<1). Os frutos do cajá-umbuzeiro apresentam em sua constituição compostos bioativos e bom potencial antioxidante, podendo contribuir com o aporte dietético de antioxidante.

Certain crop plants are susceptible to pathogens or unable to develop efficient microbial symbioses. These crops adversely impact soil biological quality with consequences on plant health and productivity of cropping systems. Chickpea is a rotational pulse crop with two types: kabuli and desi, and several cultivars. Cultivation of chickpea has inconsistent effects on soil microbial communities and subsequent wheat crops. I conducted field studies and used high throughput molecular analyses to explore the variations among chickpeas to identify cultivars developing fungal communities that are conducive to plant health and productivity. I also carried out greenhouse studies and used biochemical analyses to investigate the response of chickpea cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non-AM fungal endophytes and identify the influence of root and root metabolites on the endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Cultivars and types of chickpeas and environmental conditions promoted different fungal communities in the root endosphere. Funneliformis and Claroideoglomus were the dominant AM fungal genera and Fusarium and Alternaria were the dominant non-AM fungal genera in the roots of chickpea. The roots of cultivars CDC Corrine, CDC Cory and CDC Anna hosted the most diverse fungal communities in contrast to CDC Alma and CDC Xena roots which hosted the least diverse communities. Plant response to AM and non-AM fungal endophytes varied with genotype and type of chickpea. The root symbiosis effectively promoted plant growth in CDC Cory, CDC Anna and CDC Frontier and stimulated nitrogen fixation in CDC Corrine. Cultivars of chickpea responded differently to dual inoculation of the AM and non-AM fungal endophytes. Co-inoculation with AM and non-AM fungal endophytes had additive effects on CDC Corrine, CDC Anna and CDC Cory but non-AM fungal endophytes reduced the positive effect of AM fungi in Amit and CDC Vanguard. Desi chickpea appeared to form more efficient symbioses with soil fungal resources than kabuli chickpea. Protein(s) up-regulated in the mycorrhizal roots of the desi chickpea CDC Anna suppressed the growth of the fungal endophytes Trichoderma harzianum and Geomyces vinaceus and of the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia sp. The formation of AM symbiosis decreased the production of root bioactive metabolites soluble in 25% methanol. Some of the root metabolites stimulated the growth of Trichoderma harzianum and Geomyces vinaceus, and a few inhibited Rhizoctonia sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. A few metabolites with contrasting effects on the different fungal species were detected. The non-protein phytochemicals had selective effects on the endophytes and pathogens whereas the antifungal proteins of mycorrhizal roots were non-selective. Overall the study reveals a "genotype effect" of chickpea on the soil microbiota suggesting the possibility to improve the performance of this crop through the selection of genotypes improving the communities of root associated fungi, by associating and responding to beneficial fungi and repressing the pathogens.