To be successful in sustainable building design, architects must consider energy efficient design strategies in the early design stage. Unfortunately, many architects still rely on simplified analysis, synthesis techniques, and historical examples. Although, building energy simulations are becoming more common in the design of buildings, architects rarely use simulation in the early design stage. The “Bioclimatic” charts have been used in the early design stage to define potential building design strategies to achieve indoor thermal comfort. Currently, many architects use the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic design chart (Milne and Givoni, 1979), which was developed based on principle reasoning and heuristics. There have been many attempts to develop computerized programs to further the bioclimatic analysis; however, there have been very limited efforts to test and evaluate the design strategies of the chart using simulations of a thermostatically-controlled building. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to promote comfortable buildings that reduce energy use through appropriate building design strategies. The objectives of the research are to develop a more accurate bioclimatic chart for a thermostaticallycontrolled residence by testing and evaluating the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic chart. The analysis is performed with DOE-2.1e program (Winkelmann, 1993) and TMY2 weather data (Marion and Urban, 1995) for several climates. To achieve these objectives, four main tasks were accomplished: 1) investigate the Givoni-Milne Bioclimatic Chart using representative weather data from several climates, 2) analyze and modify the design strategy boundaries using DOE-2 program and TMY2 weather data to simulate the effects of varied conditions of a thermostatically-controlled residence in different climates, 3) compare these new design strategy boundaries to the original Givoni-Milne design strategy boundaries, and 4) develop general guidelines for the new bioclimatic chart. In summary, there were some differences in the results from the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic chart and the DOE-2 simulation results. These results imply that without further modification, the G-M Chart may have only a limited use for a thermostaticallycontrolled residence. Therefore, to improve the usefulness of the bioclimatic chart the new bio-climatic chart for choosing design strategies for a thermostatically-controlled residence in the hot-humid climate of Houston, Texas, was developed. This new bioclimatic chart for a thermostatically-controlled residence will be a useful tool for architects and engineers in the early design stage. Similar versions of the new bioclimatic for other climates could then be developed.

To be successful in sustainable building design, architects must consider energy efficient design strategies in the early design stage. Unfortunately, many architects still rely on simplified analysis, synthesis techniques, and historical examples. Although, building energy simulations are becoming more common in the design of buildings, architects rarely use simulation in the early design stage. The "Bioclimatic" charts have been used in the early design stage to define potential building design strategies to achieve indoor thermal comfort. Currently, many architects use the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic design chart (Milne and Givoni, 1979), which was developed based on principle reasoning and heuristics. There have been many attempts to develop computerized programs to further the bioclimatic analysis; however, there have been very limited efforts to test and evaluate the design strategies of the chart using simulations of a thermostatically-controlled building. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to promote comfortable buildings that reduce energy use through appropriate building design strategies. The objectives of the research are to develop a more accurate bioclimatic chart for a thermostaticallycontrolled residence by testing and evaluating the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic chart. The analysis is performed with DOE-2.1e program (Winkelmann, 1993) and TMY2 weather data (Marion and Urban, 1995) for several climates. To achieve these objectives, four main tasks were accomplished: 1) investigate the Givoni-Milne Bioclimatic Chart using representative weather data from several climates, 2) analyze and modify the design strategy boundaries using DOE-2 program and TMY2 weather data to simulate the effects of varied conditions of a thermostatically-controlled residence in different climates, 3) compare these new design strategy boundaries to the original Givoni-Milne design strategy boundaries, and 4) develop general guidelines for the new bioclimatic chart. In summary, there were some differences in the results from the Givoni-Milne bioclimatic chart and the DOE-2 simulation results. These results imply that without further modification, the G-M Chart may have only a limited use for a thermostaticallycontrolled residence. Therefore, to improve the usefulness of the bioclimatic chart the new bio-climatic chart for choosing design strategies for a thermostatically-controlled residence in the hot-humid climate of Houston, Texas, was developed. This new bioclimatic chart for a thermostatically-controlled residence will be a useful tool for architects and engineers in the early design stage. Similar versions of the new bioclimatic for other climates could then be developed.

A vulnerabilidade ao estresse térmico, uma das principais causas do desconforto humano, pode ser um dos elementos chaves, nos centros urbanos em regiões de climas quentes. Neste cenário, a arborização urbana é considerada uma das ferramentas na mitigação deste efeito, sobre o ambiente urbano. Para tal efeito, esta ferramenta precisa de maior informação sobre a consequência que as árvores produzem nas imediações em termos de redução do estresse térmico e sobre a variabilidade deste efeito com as espécies e as estações do ano. Neste trabalho objetivou-se caracterizar e analisar o microclima e o conforto térmico, nas imediações de cinco espécies de árvores Pachira aquática Aubl.(Monguga); Mangifera indica L.(Mangueira); Caesalpinia pluviosa DC.(Sibipiruna); Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & LMPerry (Jambo vermelho) e Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (Oiti), localizadas no setor central de Gurupi, Tocantins no ano 2016. As variáveis microclimáticas consideradas foram: temperatura, umidade relativa, e velocidade do vento, registradas através de uma estação meteorológica portável, marca Skymaster, modelo SM-28, às distâncias: 0 m (sombra), 5 m, 10 m e 15 m (sol) do fuste da árvore, nos horários 10:00 h, 12:00 h e 14:00 h. A caracterização do conforto térmico se baseou no índice de calor e na carta bioclimatica de Olgyay adaptada a climas quentes. Todas as variáveis foram consideradas no espaço atingido pelo efeito da árvore e analisadas estatisticamente. Com respeito ao índice de calor, a média do estudo foi de 34±1,1°C categorizado como “cuidado extremo”, ao passo que no período úmido dos meses outubro e dezembro a média esteve próxima à categoria: “cuidado”. Também se observaram atenuações de temperatura de 0,5ºC e de 2ºC entre a sombra e o sol, com probabilidades de 0,76 e 0,53, respectivamente. Das espécies estudadas, a Mangueira foi a que mais contribui para atenuações de 0,5ºC (p=0,92) e de 2ºC (p=0,67). O período seco foi analisado particularmente por ser considerado crítico termicamente, encontrando-se destaque das espécies Oiti, Mangueira e Sibipiruna. Com relação ao conforto térmico, pela carta de Olgyay mostrou-se que na sombra o conforto pode ser atingido desde que tenha ventos superiores aos 1ms-1. Pelos resultados podem-se inferir efeitos positivos de todas as árvores presentes na arborização urbana com as características das espécies estudadas. / The vulnerability to thermal stress, one of the main causes of human discomfort, may be one of the key elements in urban centers in hot climates. In this scenario, the urban forestry is considered one of the tools for mitigating this effect, in the urban environment. For this purpose, this tool needs for more information about the consequence that the trees produce in the vicinity in terms of reduction of thermal stress and on the variability of this effect with the species and the seasons of the year. The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the microclimate and the thermal comfort, in the vicinity of five tree species Pachira aquática Aubl.(Monguga); Mangifera indica L.(Mangueira); Caesalpinia pluviosa DC.(Sibipiruna); Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & LMPerry (Jambo vermelho) e Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (Oiti), located in the central sector of Gurupi, Tocantins in the year 2016. The considered microclimatic variables were: temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed; recorded through a portable weather station, brand Skymaster, Model SM-28, at distances: 0 m (shade), 5 m, 10 m and 15 m (sun) from the shaft of the tree, at 10:00 h, 12:00 h and 14:00 h. The characterization of thermal comfort was based on the heat index and Olgyay bioclimatic chart adapted for hot climates. All variables were considered in the space affected by the tree effect and analyzed statistically. Regarding the heat index, the mean of the study was 34±1.1°C, categorized as "extreme caution", while in the wet period from october to december the average was close to the category: "caution". There were also observed attenuations of 0.5°C and 2°C between the shade and the sun, with probabilities of 0.76 and 0.53, respectively. Of the studied species, Mangueira contributed the most to attenuations of 0.5ºC (p=0.92) and 2ºC (p=0.67). The dry period was analyzed particularly as being considered thermally critical, with prominence of the species Oiti, Mangueira and Sibipiruna. Regarding the thermal comfort it was shown by the chart of Olgyay that in shade comfort can be reached providing winds higher than 1ms-1. From the results can be inferred positive effects of all the trees present in the urban arborization with the characteristics of the studied species.