Thesis--Columbia University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [203]-211) and index.

This thesis explores Baglione's contributions to art and to the history of art by examining the nature of his artistic and critical originality and the significant influences thereon. In the work for which he is best known, Le Vite ... (1642), Baglione was an interesting and generous critic who was unusually receptive to pictorial effects, even when in architecture and sculpture. He assesses Caravaggio's accomplishments with well chosen observations thereby breaking his restriction to discuss only accessible works of art. A broad view of his paintings and drawings shows Baglione's complex, original and thoughtful voyage of discovery assisted by the intelligence with which he absorbed artistic influences, particularly from Raphael and the Cavalier d'Arpino. His refined style of drawing distances him from Caravaggio. In paintings from the first decade, light and shadow give form to graceful figures enveloped in voluminous garments. After 1610 the compositions become more inventive and increasingly Baroque. Baglione's attempt to make a synthesis out of ideal generalization and naturalistic description and to explore new subject matter constituted a search for a "maniera propria" that combined stylistic originality with a penchant for unusual iconography. The most important trends in Baglione's draughtsmanship are the tendency towards a broader, freer handling and the versatility with which he handles the technical means at his disposal. Though he often crosses over the line into the Baroque, the idealism of his Tusco-Roman formation and fondness for angular lines constrain him from fully yielding to a dynamic disposition. His very personal style can be seen in a number of drawings from the 1620s and 1630s that attain a remarkable pictorial aspect and a Baroque quality of sensual presence. His sophisticated use of the three chalk technique prefigures the form dissolving effects to be popularized by Watteau. At the same time, the defining contour line that emphasizes integrity is not abandoned.

Hans Kohn (1891-1971) continues to be considered as a founding father of the academic research on, and interpretation of, nationalism. In more than thirty books and hundreds of articles he outlined his theory of this worldwide phenomenon. His theory is well-known as the so called “Kohn Dichotomy”. Based on the main categories of West and East, understood as metaphors and not geographic locations, he differentiated between two forms of nationalism: The Western model, based on the 18th century Enlightenment, emphasized rationality and individual liberty as the basis of progress, tending to limit the state power and aiming at world unity. Its non-Western (Eastern) counterpart is characterized by a reaction against the Enlightenment: it is irrational and romantic, and it glorifies the state power, tending to narrow and exclusivist views. However, Kohn was more than just a theoretician of nationalism – he spent the first half of his life as an active and influential member of the Jewish national movement. As a Zionist he advocated a concept of ethical nationalism that would take the rights of other peoples, particularly the Arab population in Palestine, into consideration. Contemporary research views Kohn either as a theoretician of nationalism or as a Zionist. Therefore, this study is the first attempt to present Kohn's intellectual biography by emphasizing both dimensions. Based on and intertwined with the four main stages of Kohn's life – his youth in Prague (1891-1914), as a prisoner of war in Russia (1915- 1920), as a Zionist in London and Palestine (1921-1934) as well as an academic researcher in the United States of America (1934-1971) – it examines the main threads of his thinking. The leading interpretative idea of this thesis is that throughout his life Kohn kept the conviction that nationalism based on ethical grounds can be a positive force leading to the unity of the world.

The agricultural activities effect in the natural resources degradation as that caused by the desforestation, agroquímicos soil and use erosion, is evident enough in several world regions, needing to seek sustainable agricultural systems, for this, the definition more necessary indicators necessary agricultural research, that allow monitor the environmental quality, and, therefore obtain effective solutions for different diagnosed situations. The irrigation district Platô de Neópolis, in Sergipe, owns total area of 10.432 ha., of which 7.000 ha, irrigable useful, being divided, in 27 lots, varying of 22 to 570 ha. The goal of this research was going to know the main agrotóxicos used by the producers of Platô de Neópolis through the questionnaires application with lot identification data, of the cultures and of the main agrotóxicos herbicides, insecticides and used fungicides and aplicação.Os agrotóxicos way usedder were: herbicide glifosato, insecticide malation and fungicide tiofanato methylic. To monitor agrotóxicos aggression used by the producers of the region to the fruit cultivation microbial community area was representative soils made collection of the area georeferenciado, distributed in trays for agrotóxicos application and to promote microbiota soil impact evaluation, through the technical of microbiological activity analysis made by diacetato fluoresceína hydrolisis method (FDA) and for dynamics microbial population analysis made by the soil dilution method with selective means for mushrooms, bacteria and actinomicetos that enabled the soil microbiota identification and the impact caused by agrotóxicos, once, that the microbial mass is a natural ecosystems critical component manipulated by the man. It was going used like one of the parameters the microbiological enzymatic activity, in four treatments, being, one without agrotóxico addition: soil control, with the herbicide glifosato, insecticide malation and the fungicide tiofanato metilico, for microbiological activity analysis was going made diacetato fluoresceína hydrolisis method (FDA) in different dilutions (10¹, 10² and 10 4) that verified the alterations suffered for each soil sample. Diacetato fluoresceína hydrolisis activity was effective in all treatments, and the microbiological activity was highly notable in soils that didn´t suffer no exhibition kind the treatments with agrotóxicos, the soils controls reached the biggest values in all dilutions with values between 4,16-19,92μg FDA/mim-1g-1, the rest treatments introduced an enzymatic relatively similar activity, however, the treatment with tiofanato metilico, demonstrated a considerable reduction in the enzymatic activity , obtaining values between 3,48-12,70μg FDA/mim-1g-1 representing the minor activity enzimática.Com relation to the quantification microbial population analysis, the result of mushrooms population dynamics, bacteria and actinomicetos differed statistically in function of each treatment. The mushrooms population, it went to smaller density populacional found, where the soil control, where there wasn´t agrotóxico addition belonged to 22 ufc × 10g/solo. In the soils contaminated by the insecticides constituted of: Malation a density populacional corresponding relative to 18 ufc × 10g /solo, the soil treaty with Glifosato 11 ufc × 10g /solo, under the soil treaty with Tiofanato metilico 05 ufc × 10g/solo,. Regarding actinomicetos population the smaller second population, the soils tidos like control 160 ufc x 10g/solo. In the soils contaminated by the insecticides constituted of: Malation, they introduced a density populacional corresponding to 132 ufc x 10g/solo, soil treaty with Glifosato 128 ufc x 10g/solo and under the soil treaty with Tiofanato Metilico 104 ufc x 10g/solo.A bacteria population with the biggest density populacional,o soil known as control obtained 2.225 ufc x 10g/solo. In the soils contaminated by the insecticides constituted of: Malation, they introduced a density populacional corresponding to 2.140 ufc x 10g/solo, under the soil treaty with Glifosato 1.690ufc x 10g/solo and under the soil treaty with Tiofanato Metilico 1.700 ufc x 10g/solo. Therefore, both used methods in this work, correlated, with success, like bioindicadores of the caused damage microbiota of the soil by agrotóxicos: herbicide glifosato, insecticide malation and fungicide tiofanato metilico, through the enzymatic activity determination contributing thus, like sensitive indicator to relate changes in soil microbiological properties. It was going found a community´s studied soil wide microbiological variability through the mushrooms populations, actinomicetos and bacteria and the dynamic populacional of mushrooms, actinomicetos and bacteria answered of significant form agrotóxicos exhibition with a density populacional considerable reduction, contributing thus, for a better environmental damage comprehension caused by agrotóxicos microbiota of the soil. / O efeito das atividades agrícolas na degradação dos recursos naturais como aquele causado pelo desmatamento, erosão do solo e uso de agroquímicos, é bastante evidente em várias regiões do mundo, necessitando buscar sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis, para isto, a pesquisa agrícola precisa da definição de indicadores mais precisos, que permitam monitorar a qualidade ambiental, e, portanto obter soluções efetivas para diferentes situações diagnosticadas. O distrito de irrigação Platô de Neópolis, em Sergipe, possui área total de 10.432 ha., dos quais 7.000 ha, úteis irrigáveis, sendo dividido, em 27 lotes, variando de 22 a 570 ha. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer os principais agrotóxicos utilizados pelos produtores do Platô de Neópolis através da aplicação de questionários com dados de identificação do lote, das culturas e dos principais agrotóxicos herbicidas, inseticidas e fungicidas utilizados e o modo de aplicação.Os agrotóxicos mais utilizados foram: herbicida glifosato, inseticida malation e fungicida tiofanato metílico. Para monitorar a agressão dos agrotóxicos utilizados pelos produtores da região à comunidade microbiana de área de cultivo de frutas foi feita coleta de solos representativos da área georeferenciado, distribuídos em bandejas para aplicação dos agrotóxicos e promover a avaliação do impacto da microbiota do solo, através das técnicas de análise da atividade microbiológica efetuada pelo método de hidrólise de diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA) e para análise da dinâmica da população microbiana efetuada pelo método de diluição de solo com meios seletivos para fungos, bactérias e actinomicetos que possibilitaram a identificação da microbiota do solo e o impacto causado pelos agrotóxicos, uma vez, que a massa microbiana é um componente crítico dos ecossistemas naturais manipulados pelo homem. Foi utilizada como um dos parâmetros a atividade enzimática microbiológica, em quatro tratamentos, sendo, um sem adição de agrotóxico: solo controle, com o herbicida glifosato, inseticida malation e o fungicida tiofanato metilico, para análise da atividade microbiológica foi efetuado o método de hidrólise de diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA) em diferentes diluições (10¹, 10² e 10 4) que verificaram as alterações sofridas por cada amostra de solo. A atividade de hidrólise de diacetato de fluoresceína foi eficaz em todos os tratamentos, sendo que a atividade microbiológica foi altamente notável em solos que não sofreram nenhum tipo de exposição a tratamentos com agrotóxicos, o solos controles atingiram os maiores valores em todas as diluições com valores entre 4,16-19,92μg FDA/mim-1g-1, os demais tratamentos apresentaram uma atividade enzimática relativamente similar, porém, o tratamento com tiofanato metilico, demonstrou uma considerável redução na atividade enzimática , obtendo valores entre 3,48-12,70μg FDA/mim-1g-1 representando a menor atividade enzimática.Com relação à análise da quantificação da população microbiana, o resultado da dinâmica da população de fungos, bactérias e actinomicetos diferiu estatisticamente em função de cada tratamento. A população de fungos, foi a menor densidade populacional encontrada, onde o solo controle, onde não houve adição de agrotóxico foi de 22 ufc × 10g/solo. Nos solos contaminados pelos inseticidas constituiu de: Malation uma densidade populacional relativa correspondente a 18 ufc × 10g /solo, o solo tratado com Glifosato 11 ufc × 10g /solo, sob o solo tratado com Tiofanato metilico 05 ufc × 10g/solo,. Quanto à população de actinomicetos a segunda menor população, os solos tidos como controle 160 ufc x 10g/solo. Nos solos contaminados pelos inseticidas constituiu de: Malation, apresentaram uma densidade populacional correspondente a 132 ufc x 10g/solo, solo tratado com Glifosato 128 ufc x 10g/solo e sob o solo tratado com Tiofanato Metilico 104 ufc x 10g/solo.A população de bactérias com a maior densidade populacional,o solo tido como controle obteve 2.225 ufc x 10g/solo. Nos solos contaminados pelos inseticidas constituiu de: Malation, apresentaram uma densidade populacional correspondente a 2.140 ufc x 10g/solo, sob o solo tratado com Glifosato 1.690ufc x 10g/solo e sob o solo tratado com Tiofanato Metilico 1.700 ufc x 10g/solo. Portanto, os dois métodos utilizados neste trabalho, se correlacionaram, com sucesso, como bioindicadores do dano causado a microbiota do solo pelos agrotóxicos: herbicida glifosato, inseticida malation e fungicida tiofanato metilico, através da determinação da atividade enzimática contribuindo desta forma, como indicador sensível para relatar mudanças em propriedades microbiológicas do solo. Foi encontrada uma ampla variabilidade da comunidade microbiológica do solo estudado através das populações de fungos, actinomicetos e bactérias e a dinâmica populacional de fungos , actinomicetos e bactérias responderam de forma significativa a exposição dos agrotóxicos com uma considerável redução da densidade populacional, contribuindo desta forma, para uma melhor compreensão do dano ambiental causado por agrotóxicos a microbiota do solo.

This study of Zakes Mda's life and sixteen of his plays and seven novels, written from 1966 to the present day, set in South Africa, Lesotho and the United States of America, shows how his life and works interweave, and how his defamiliarisation mode, his magic realism and his juxtaposed timeframes stimulate reader response and self-realisation, bringing about change. Experiences of marginalisation due to early childhood sexual abuse, exile, and being banished from church, and his involvement in political movements outside the mainstream, have caused him to be an astute observer of life. He is sceptical of authority and power, and is as critical of those who seek power, becoming intoxicated thereby, as of those who give away their power and so perpetuate unacceptable institutions and their own victimisation. At all times though, his writing style is creative and entertaining, rooted in the African oral tradition from which he springs, but also portraying international influences to which he has been exposed over the years. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

This study of Zakes Mda's life and sixteen of his plays and seven novels, written from 1966 to the present day, set in South Africa, Lesotho and the United States of America, shows how his life and works interweave, and how his defamiliarisation mode, his magic realism and his juxtaposed timeframes stimulate reader response and self-realisation, bringing about change. Experiences of marginalisation due to early childhood sexual abuse, exile, and being banished from church, and his involvement in political movements outside the mainstream, have caused him to be an astute observer of life. He is sceptical of authority and power, and is as critical of those who seek power, becoming intoxicated thereby, as of those who give away their power and so perpetuate unacceptable institutions and their own victimisation. At all times though, his writing style is creative and entertaining, rooted in the African oral tradition from which he springs, but also portraying international influences to which he has been exposed over the years. / English Studies / M.A. (English)