Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Statistics and Biostatistics." Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-52).

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-88) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009. / "Submitted to Department of Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-126)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 angeloni_ma_me_sjrp.pdf: 2178828 bytes, checksum: 294722ae99e4ba43c9ba774be195e48c (MD5) / Dentre as diversas características biométricas possíveis de serem utilizadas para identificação de pessoas, a impressão digital é a mais utilizada. Os sistemas atuais de identificação automática de impressões digitais são baseados nos padrões das cristas e nas minúcias, classificadas como características de primeiro e segundo níveis, respectivamente. No entanto, com a evolução dos sensores de captura das impressões digitais e a crescente demanda por sistemas mais seguros, torna-se possível e ne-cessário o uso de um conjunto adicional de características discriminativas presentes no interior das cristas, conhecidas como características de terceiro nível, onde se enquadram os poros. Pesquisas recentes têm focado em aplicações de reconhecimento de impressões digitais nas quais as técnicas baseadas em características de primeiro e segundo níveis geralmente apresentam baixas taxas de reconhecimento correto, tal como no reconhecimento de fragmentos de impressões digitais. Esta dissertação de mestrado teve como objetivo propor, implementar e avaliar o uso de poros no método baseado em cristas utilizando a Transformada de Hough, a fim de mitigar os casos de falsos positivos, comuns neste tipo de problema. Foram avaliados os métodos de extração automática de poros basedo em filtros isotrópicos e adaptativos, e o uso dos poros auxiliando na etapa de registro e comparação das imagens. Resultados experimentais realizados sobre a base pública de fragmentos de impressões digitais PolyU HRF mostraram uma redução de aproximadamente 5% no EER e 15% no FAR100 e FAR1000 em relação ao método baseado em cristas original / Among the several biometric traits possible to be used for identifying people, fin-gerprint is the most used. Current automated fingerprint identification systems are based on the ridge pattern and minutiae, classified as first and second level features, respectively. However, with the improving of fingerprint sensors and the growing demand for more secure systems, it is possible and necessary to use an additio-nal discriminative features set present in the ridges, known as third level features, where the sweat pores are classified. Recent researches have focused on fingerprint recognition applications in which fingerprint techniques based on first and second levels features usually have low rates of correct recognition, such as the fragments of fingerprints recognition. This Master’s dissertation aimed to propose, implement and evaluate the use of pores in the ridge-based fingerprint matching method using Hough Transform, in order to mitigate the false positives cases, that commonly occur in this type of problem. We evaluate the isotropic-based and adaptive-based automatic pore extraction methods, and the use of pores assisting in the images registration and comparison steps. Experimental results on the public database PolyU HRF, composed by partial fingerprint images, showed a reduction of about 5% in EER, and 15% in FAR100 and FAR1000, when compared to the original ridge-based approach

D.Phil. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) / The knowledge and understanding that a scientist has about the world is often embodied in the form of a model, which is a representation containing the essential structure of some object or event. The goal of the scientific method is to reduce the complexity of our observations on our surroundings (and ourselves) by creating, verifying and modifying simplified models. In turn, a technical scientist (commonly referred to as an “engineer”) uses appropriately simplified mathematical models to predict and control various processes. Yet the central question is as to how close such models are to reality in spite of considerable simplifying assumptions, and whether or not they are reliable and credible enough to be accepted as being valid. In the following, models applied in technical science (commonly referred to as “engineering”) are examined to find out whether or not such mathematical models are valid in biology as well. In fact, it is shown, that such models do fall short of a valid representation of biological phenomena. In turn, the concept of analogy, a method borrowed from cognitive science, is introduced as another way of knowledge representation and model construction.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Statistics / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Statistics and Actuarial Science / Master / Master of Philosophy

Title: Generating random data from biometric samples Author: Bc. Romana Sachová Department: Department of Algebra Supervisor: Ing. Mgr. Zdeněk Říha, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: zriha@fi.muni.cz Abstract: This thesis aims to achieve the generation of random data from the bio- metric samples. Studying the biometric characteristics, randomness and generation of random data suitable for cryptography as well the variability of fingerprint, iris, face and human voice. In the practical part has been tested the variability of 200 prints from the same finger, using three factors: 1) The coordinates of fingerprints cores. Due to the repeatability of coordinates the obtained entropy was low. 2) Fingerprint area approximation. It was able to verify the diversity of all areas. The maximum available entropy remains around 15 bits. 3) Ridge lines distortion. From the core to the top of the fingerprint has been taken boxes containing part of the ridge line. For all boxes was calculated the average phase angle of the gradient which represents the change of intensity in the box. Vector of phase angles describes the ridge line distortion. Maximum estimated entropy of this vectors was estimated at 71,586 bits. Keywords: biometry, randomness, entropy 1

Orientador: José Silvio Govone / Banca: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim / Banca: Selene Maria Coelho Loibel / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar técnicas de análise espacial para compreender os padrões associados a dados por área, testar se o padrão observado é aleatório ou se o evento se distribui por aglomerado, obter mapas mais suaves que o mapa observado e procurar estimativas melhores de estruturas adjacentes. Utilizou-se um conjunto de dados referente a 1656 casos positivos de dengue na cidade de Rio Claro - SP registrados no primeiro semestre de 2011. Neste conjunto de dados, e com o auxílio do software Terra View 4.2.2, foram construídas as estimativas de Kernel para dois tipos de função de estimação: Kernel Normal e Kernel Quártico. Para a Função de Estimação Kernel Normal foram usados os seguintes raios de influência: 100m, 150m, 200m e 500m. Já para a Função de Estimação Kernel Quártico foram usados os seguintes raios de influência: 250m, 375m, 500m e 625m. Ainda no mesmo software foram construídos mapas para uma análise exploratória com três critérios diferentes: Intervalos iguais, Intervalos por quantil e Intervalos por desvios padrão. Em seguida, foram construídos os respectivos mapas de suavização através da Média Móvel Espacial. Dependendo do critério utilizado (quantil, intervalos iguais ou desvio padrão), notou-se que há diferenças nos resultados de ocorrências de dengue, tanto para os dados originais, quanto para os transformados pela média móvel. Observou-se que o comportamento do kernel quártico é similar ao do kernel normal, porém com diferentes raios de influência. Este resultado corrobora as observações de Bailey e Gatrell(1995), de que a função de ajuste não é de grande importância, já que o controle pode ser feito através do raio de influência para a estimativa em cada ponto. Através do teste de permutação aleatório verificou-se que há dependência espacial entre os valores observados, onde a estatística I é igual a 0,389828 e o p-valor igual a... / Abstract: The goal of this piece is to study spacial analysis techniques to understand the patterns associated to data over areas, test if the observed pattern is random or if the event distributes itself by agglomeration, get smoother maps than the observed maps and look for better estimates of adjacent structures. A database concerning of 1656 positive dengue occurrences in the city of Rio Claro-SP during the first semester of 2011 was used. With this database, using the software Terra View 4.2.2, it were constructed the kernel estimates for two kind of estimate functions: Normal Kernel and Quartic Kernel. For the Normal Kernel Function estimate it were used the following influence radius: 100m, 150m, 200m and 500m. On the other hand, for the Quartic Kernel Function estimate it were used the following influence radius: 250m, 375m, 500m and 625m. Yet using the same software, maps were constructed for a visual exploratory analysis with three different criterions: equal intervals, quintiles intervals and standard deviation intervals. In the sequence, the respective smoothing maps were constructed using the Spacial Moving Averages. Depending on the used criterion (quintiles, equal intervals or standard deviation) it was observed differences between the dengue occurrences, considering the original data or the ones transformed by the moving average. It was observed that the quartic kernel behavior is similar to the normal's kernel, but with different influence radius. This result corroborates Bailey and Gatrell's observations that the adjustment function is not of considerable importance, considering that the control can be made through the influence radius for the estimate in each point. Through the random permutation test it was verified that there is special dependence between the observed values, where the stats equals 0,389828 and the p-value equals 0,01. Kawamoto (2012) applied the kernel estimate for the same database, but considering the ... / Mestre