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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of New Bioorthogonal Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloaddition Methodology for Applications in Living Systems

Chigrinova, Mariya January 2014 (has links)
Nitrones are alternatives to azides in rapid strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with cyclooctynes. To evaluate the differences between nitrones and azides we have performed kinetic studies of strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reactions of biarylazacyclooctynone (BARAC) with various acyclic and cyclic nitrones. The reactions were conducted under pseudo first-order reaction conditions using UV-visible spectroscopy. The reactivity of the acyclic nitrones was evaluated by varying the stereoelectronic and steric character of substituents at both the α-aryl and nitrogen positions. Cyclic nitrone reactivity was assessed according to the size of the ring and additional steric and strain effects. The obtained second-order rate constants for reactions of BARAC with cyclic nitrones were found to be greater than those for acyclic nitrones. However, all nitrones employed in the kinetic studies herein displayed significantly greater reactivity than azides in the analogous cycloadditions with BARAC. It is of particular note that the five-membered cyclic nitrones showed exceptional reactivity and, if used as rapid alternatives to azides in reactions with BARAC, can increase the reaction rates by up to 50 fold. An attempt to synthesize an allylated BARAC analogue is also described; the rearrangement reaction leading to the unexpected products is reported. The reaction rate for the novel rearrangement under both neutral and acidic conditions was obtained and plausible mechanisms for formation of products are proposed. Based on the results reported herein we anticipate that development of a labelling probe based on BARAC and a five-membered cyclic nitrone would allow for significant decrease of the concentrations of labelling reagents, thereby minimizing reaction time and reagent usage in life sciences applications. Nevertheless, a possible labelling decrease due to side reactions should be given consideration for prolonged labelling.

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