Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1979.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1934. / At head of title: Aus dem Zahnärtzlichen Institut der Universität München. "Lebenslauf": p. 30.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1934. / At head of title: Aus dem Zahnärtzlichen Institut der Universität München. "Lebenslauf": p. 30.

Non-steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs have been shown to play an important role in the chemotherapeutic prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Their mechanism in doing so has been proven as far as scientific works today allow results and an understanding of this mechanism. Without a doubt, many aspects of this drug in terms of chemotherapy tailored to the treatment of Colorectal Cancer remain to be illuminated and are subject to further investigations. Whether a cyclooxygenase inhibitor can be used as a chemopreventive agent needs to be assessed in each case individually and the whole view of a patient must be taken into account considering his overall status of health and the exclusion of the potential harm of side effects. Given the fact that these drugs provide protection of Colorectal Cancer to a certain extent, their use will most probably increase in countries where they are easily accessable.

Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol) / Ichthyophonus hoferi has been diagnosed in multiple species at the Two Oceans Aquarium, this study focuses on Rhabdosargus globiceps (White stumpnose). I. hoferi is a mesomycetozoan parasite that multiplies in blood rich organs in the fish hosts causing a wide range of clinical signs resulting in organ dysfunction. I. hoferi can be diagnosed from microscopic examination of tissue squash preparations, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. In the literature only lethal methods of diagnosis are described. The development of a non-lethal diagnostic tool for disease monitoring is vital for collections where euthanasia of specimens is not possible.

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) has been traditionally used for making a tissue diagnosis. Several newer techniques are emerging as a viable alternative to EUS-FNA/FNB, including mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB), with a view to increasing the diagnostic yield for upper gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial tumors (SETs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the overall diagnostic yield of MIAB for upper GI SETs. Methods Multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar) and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched. The primary outcome of our meta-analysis was the overall diagnostic yield of the MIAB. The secondary outcome was to study complications in terms of perforation and clinically significant bleeding. The meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model. Results Seven studies were included in the final meta-analysis, reporting a total of 159 patients (male 86, female 73) with a mean age of 58 years. The overall pooled diagnostic yield of MIAB was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.65-93.51, I2=0.00). Histologically, GI stromal tumor was the reported diagnosis in 38.62% (95%CI 22.29-56.24, I2=77.51%) of tumors, followed by leiomyoma 25% (95%CI 18.02-32.62, I2=4.42%). The overall rate of clinically significant bleeding following the procedure was 5.03% (95%CI 0.36-12.86, I2=57.43%) and no perforations were reported. Conclusions MIAB is a safe and effective technique for the diagnosis of upper GI SETs and can be considered as a viable alternative to EUS-FNA/FNB. MIAB can be performed during routine endoscopy and no advanced equipment is required.

Background: The liver biopsy technique in dogs that consistently provides samples adequate for accurate histopathologic interpretation and the variability of histopathology among lobes is unknown. Hypothesis:  Liver biopsy specimens obtained via punch, cup biopsy, and 14 gauge needle biopsy would result in similar histopathologic diagnoses to those found on deeply sectioned samples of liver obtained at necropsy and that discordant results would not differ between lobes.   Animals:  Seventy dogs undergoing necropsy. Methods: Liver specimens were obtained from the left lateral liver lobe with an 8 mm punch, a cup, and a 14 gauge needle. Two larger tissue samples were then collected near the center of the left lateral lobe and used as a histologic standard for comparison.  Samples were also obtained from all remaining lobes. Histopathologic features and numbers of portal triads in each sample were compared. Results: The mean number of portal triads were 2.9 in needle biopsies, 3.4 in cup biopsies, 12 in punch biopsies, and 30.7 in the necropsy samples. Sixty-six percent of needle biopsies,  60% of laparoscopic cup samples, and 69% of punch samples were in agreement with the necropsy samples, differences that were not significantly different. The corresponding kappa coefficient were 0.59 for needle biopsies, 0.52 for cup biopsies, and 0.62 for punch biopsies.  Discordant results did not differ between the liver lobes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:  A single biopsy using any of the tested techniques is insufficient for reliable diagnosis of liver disease in the dog.  Multiple biopsies from 2 lobes is recommended. / Master of Science

Prostate cancer is a worldwide health concern for men. Needle biopsy is the most definitive form of cancer diagnosis. Target-specific biopsies can be performed under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. However, needle placements are often inaccurate due to intra-operative prostate motion and the lack of motion compensation techniques. As a result, malignant tumors can be missed, which in turn will lead to an increased number of repeated biopsies and delaying of treatment. To increase the needle targeting accuracy, intra-operative prostate motion and deformation need to be studied so that motion compensation techniques can be developed accordingly. This thesis intends to make three main contributions: 1. A comprehensive survey of the state-of-art in image-guided prostate needle placement interventions. 2. Retrospective clinical accuracy validation of a MRI-guided robotic prostate biopsy system that was used in the U.S. National Cancer Institute for over 6 years. A 3D-3D registration algorithm consists of an initial two-step rigid alignment followed by a B-spline deformable transform was developed to align the pre- and post-needle insertion images. A total of 90 biopsies from 24 patients were studied. The mean target displacement, needle placement error, and clinical biopsy error were 5.2, 2.5, and 4.3 mm, respectively. 3. Development of a multi-slice-to-volume registration for intra-operative target localization. The algorithm aligns the planning volume with three orthogonal image slices of the prostate acquired immediately before needle insertion. It consists of a rigid registration followed by a deformable step using only the prostate region. The algorithm was validated on 14 clinical images sets from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. All registration errors were well below the radius of a clinically significant tumour (5 mm), and are considered clinically acceptable. The results show that there was a substantial amount of biopsy error caused by prostate motion and deformation during MRI-guided biopsy. This error can be reduced by using quantitative imaging techniques for prostate registration and motion compensation. In particular, the multi-slice-to-volume registration algorithm demonstrated the feasibility of intra-operative target localization and motion compensation; which in turn may improve the quality of MRI-guided prostate interventions. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2014-03-01 11:45:55.8

published_or_final_version / abstract / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The current understanding of the distribution and frequency of periapical pathoses include biopsies submitted by all specialists and general dentists. As a result, they do not accurately reflect the distribution seen by endodontists. This retrospective chart review aims to determine the prevalence of periapical pathoses and associated demographics from biopsies submitted by endodontists over 30 years. All biopsy reports submitted to the Virginia Commonwealth University Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 2012 were reviewed. Only reports submitted by verified endodontists and those with a periapical location were included. The following data was recorded from each report: submission date, referring endodontist, sex, age, race, biopsy location, tooth number, and histologic diagnosis. Results were calculated using chi-square and logistic regression analysis (significance p<0.05). Meeting the inclusion criteria were 9,777 biopsy reports for an overall distribution of 24.11% radicular cysts, 73.54% periapical granulomas, 1.66% scars, and 0.70% other pathoses. Findings include a significant association between sex, location, and diagnosis. An association with race, age, or location (left/right) was not seen. Significantly more radicular cysts were seen in males and in the anterior maxilla. Conversely, significantly more periapical granulomas were seen in females and in the posterior quadrants. Significantly more other diagnoses were found in the anterior mandible and more scars in the anterior maxilla. Overall, approximately ¾ of biopsies submitted for evaluation by endodontists are diagnosed as periapical granulomas and ¼ as radicular cysts. Other pathoses and scars make up less than 3% of diagnoses. Funding was provided through the AAE Resident Research Grant.