No description available.

<p> Studies examining the characteristics of membranes that facilitate and affect fusion are central to understanding the intricacies of inter- and intra-cellular fusion processes and expanding the existing knowledge of other roles membranes may have. In this thesis a model membrane system, using Sendai Virus and Egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) liposomes containing the receptor glycophorin A (proteoliposomes), was used in examining different fusion with proteoliposomes prepared by different methods. For the first time glycophorin A was incorporated into EggPC liposomes vectorially. This was accomplished separately with two detergents: octylglucoside and CHAPS. Fusion of Sendai Virus with the reconstituted proteoliposomes revealed that octylglucoside reconstituted proteoliposomes exhibited lower fusion compared with CHAPS reconstituted proteoliposomes. Efforts to determine the basis for this difference, using either proteinase K or O-glycosidase digestion and subsequent fragment analysis using SDS-PAGE and silver-staining, were inconclusive. A separate study examined the ability of large membrane-anchored biopolymers (chosen in virtue of their large hydrophilic domains) to sterically stabilize Egg PC liposomes. Glycophorin A, the lipophosphoglycan (LPG) from Leishmania donovani, and a polyethyleneglycol-conjugated phospholipid (PEG5000-PE) were incorporated into Egg PC liposomes. In each case, binding of a soluble fluorescent probe, NeutrAvidin Oregon Green, to liposomes containing biotin-conjugated lipid was restricted. This supports the idea that large membrane-anchored biopolymers are able to sterically stabilize liposomes.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-06T20:12:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TACIANA REGINA DE GOUVEIA - TESE PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 4953603 bytes, checksum: ea581c261908041111cd0d411a551545 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T20:12:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TACIANA REGINA DE GOUVEIA - TESE PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 4953603 bytes, checksum: ea581c261908041111cd0d411a551545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / Capes / Os polímeros derivados do petróleo têm provocado impactos ambientais devido ao descarte inadequado. Uma alternativa para esse problema é a utilização de polímeros biodegradáveis ou a produção de blendas a partir destes polímeros. Neste trabalho, foram preparadas blendas de poli (ácido lático) - PLA, poli (caprolactona) - PCL, com três copolímeros diferentes: EMA, E-GMA e o EMAGMA que são copolímeros de etileno-acrilato de metila, etileno-metacrilato de glicidila e o terpolímero etileno-acrilato de metila-metacrilato de glicidila, respectivamente. As composições utilizadas para as blendas foram as seguintes: PLA/PCL (90/10), PLA/PCL (80/20), PLA/Copolímeros (90/10) e PLA/PCL/Copolímeros (80/10/10). Estas foram preparadas por fusão em uma extrusora de rosca dupla corrotativa e, em seguida, moldadas por injeção sob a forma de corpos de prova de tração, impacto e HDT. Todas as composições foram caracterizadas por: ensaios mecânicos de tração e impacto, temperatura de distorção térmica - HDT, calorimetria exploratória diferencial - DSC, difração de raios X - DRX, análise térmica dinâmica-mecânica - DMTA, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho por transformada de Fourier - FTIR, microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, reometria de torque, ensaio reológico e reometria capilar. As propriedades mecânicas apresentaram redução nos valores do módulo e da resistência à tração e um aumento no alongamento e na resistência ao impacto para todas as composições quando comparadas com o PLA puro, com destaque para as composições que continham o copolímero EMA-GMA. A HDT não apresentou mudanças significativas para as diferentes composições em comparação com o PLA puro. O comportamento térmico e termomecânico foi avaliado por DSC e por DMTA e foi possível observar a transição térmica das blendas. Por DRX foi possível observar as fases cristalinas das blendas de PLA. A morfologia da superfície de fratura observada por MEV ilustrou que ocorreram mudanças significativas em função da composição. Os resultados de reometria de torque não apresentaram mudanças significativas no comportamento do PLA, enquanto que os resultados obtidos no ensaio reológico ilustraram aumento no módulo de armazenamento em todas as composições. A partir do ensaio de reometria capilar foi visto que houve redução da viscosidade aparente e da tensão de cisalhamento sob altas taxas de cisalhamento para todas as composições. / The polymers derived from petroleum have caused environmental impacts due to improper disposal. An alternative to this problem is the use of biodegradable polymers or blends production from these polymers. In this work, blends of poly (lactic acid) - PLA, poly (-caprolactone) - PCL, were prepared with three different copolymers: EMA, E-GMA and EMA-GMA are copolymers the ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate and terpolymer ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate respectively. The compositions used in the blends were as follows: PLA/PCL (90/10) PLA/PCL (80/20) PLA/ Copolymer (90/10) and PLA/PCL/Copolymer (80/10/10). These were prepared by melting in an extruder twin screw co-rotating and then injection molded in the form of specimens tensile, impact and HDT. All compositions were characterized by: mechanical tensile and impact , heat distortion temperature - HDT, differential scanning calorimetry - DSC, X-ray diffraction - XRD, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis – DMTA, spectroscopy in the infrared region by transform Fourier - FTIR, scanning electron microscopy - SEM, torque rheometer, rheological testing and capillary rheometer. The mechanical properties showed reduced values of modulus and tensile strength and an increase in elongation and impact resistance for all compositions when compared with pure PLA, especially for compositions containing copolymer EMA-GMA. The HDT showed no significant changes for the different compositions compared with pure PLA. The thermal and thermomechanical behavior was evaluated by DSC and DMTA and it was possible to observe the thermal transition of the blends. XRD was possible to observe the crystalline phases of the blends of PLA. The morphology of the fracture surface was observed by SEM illustrated that significant changes as a function of composition. The torque rheometer results showed no significant change in the behavior of PLA, while the rheological test results illustrate the increase in storage modulus in all compositions. From the test capillary rheometer was seen that there was a reduction in the apparent viscosity and shear stress at high shear rates for all compositions.