No description available.

Findings are presented from matched case-control studies of risk factors for diabetes, cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia in children using routine data collected by the Oxford Record Linkage Study since 1965. There were 315 cases born 1965-85 in the diabetes study, 947 and 1449 cases in studies of cryptorchidism diagnosed at birth and at orchidopexy respectively, and 1701 male and 347 female cases in the study of inguinal hernia. Each case was individually matched with up to eight controls on sex, year, and hospital or place of birth. A potential bias caused by differential migration of cases and controls was identified. A sample of 753 controls born in Oxfordshire was checked against the Oxfordshire Family Health Services Authority register to determine migration out of the study area in relation to perinatal risk factors. A general procedure was developed to estimate the strength of the migration bias. Pre-eclampsia was identified as a significant pre-natal risk factor for diabetes. The studies of cryptorchidism identified significantly raised risks with low birth weight, low social class and breech presentation. The results suggested that asymmetric growth retardation in the third trimester may be involved in the aetiology of undescended testes that do not spontaneously descend in later life. Analysis of risk factors among siblings of cases and controls suggested that permanent changes to the mother may occur around the time of the pregnancy involving the affected child. Low birth weight, short gestation and smoking during pregnancy were associated with significantly raised risks of inguinal hernia among boys. Among girls the results were similar, suggesting that mechanisms independent of the sex of the child may be important in the aetiology of this condition. Estimates of disease risk in siblings showed a strong familial aggregation, especially among girls.

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A MASTER OF MEDICINE DEGREE IN PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH (MMED PAED) / Survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in a resource limited public hospital setting is still low in South Africa. The study aimed at establishing the determinants of survival in this weight category of neonates who, due to limited intensive care facilities, were not mechanically ventilated.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Antepartum suicidal behaviors are a leading cause of maternal injury and death. Previous research has not investigated associations between antepartum suicidal ideation and perinatal complications. Our study objective was to evaluate the relationship of antepartum suicidal ideation with low infant birthweight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. A cohort study was conducted among 1,108 women receiving prenatal care in Peru. Suicidal ideation was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 during pregnancy. Birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate were used to investigate associations between suicidal ideation and pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.7%, preterm delivery was 5.7%, low birthweight was 4.4%, and small for gestational age was 3.4%. In an adjusted model, infant birthweight was 94.2 grams lower for mothers with antepartum suicidal ideation (95% CI: −183.0, −5.5, p = 0.037) compared with those without suicidal ideation. After adjusting for confounders including depression, participants with suicidal ideation had a nearly four-fold increased odds of delivering a small for gestational age infant (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.59–8.74). These findings suggest suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, especially low infant birthweight. / Revisión por pares

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-268). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Public Health." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-120).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-46).

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-63)

No description available.

Amniotic fluid (AF) is a protective pool and a resource of amino acids for the growing fetus. In study 1, we investigated if any of these AF amino acids at mid gestation were associated with fetal development in humans. Nineteen amino acids differed across birth weight percentiles. Arginine, 3-methyl histidine and tryptophan were positive predictors of birth weight, while ornithine was a negative predictor. In study 2, we used a diet induced model of IUGR to see if specific AF amino acids were predictive of fetal weight near term. Methionine and phenylalanine were modified by diet, and 12 amino acids were independently modified by gestational age, respectively. Cysteine, lysine, methionine and tyrosine were predictors of fetal weight. Thus, the AF amino acid pool is associated in animals and humans with fetal growth.