This study examines the works of three Harlem Renaissance authors: Jessie Redmon Fauset, Nella Larsen, and Zora Neale Hurston. In this study, I explore the multiplicity of identity in four of Fauset's short stories, "Emmy" (1912--3), "Mary Elizabeth" (1919), "The Sleeper Wakes" (1920), and "Double Trouble" (1923); in Nella Larsen's novels, Quicksand (1928) and Passing (1929); and in Zora Neale Hurston's autobiographical text, Dust Tracks on a Road (1942). The variety of discursive genres here reflects the diverse construction of black female identity these works represent. More particularly, such variety parallels the multiplicity of identity itself and of the experiences of these women. The women represented in these works are all different in their ages, colours, classes, and backgrounds. This study focuses mainly on the multiplicity of positions from which any given woman may speak and construct her self. A picture of identity that is flexible, malleable, and ultimately unknowable in its entirety thus emerges. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

On March 28, 1917, the officers and men of the Number Two Construction Battalion (No. 2 CB) sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to serve with the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). The departure of the No. 2 CB marked a turning point in a three year battle over AfriCanadian volunteers in the CEF. Although there were no official policies preventing AfriCanadian enlistments, many AfriCanadian volunteers learned early in the War that racist military and civilian officials did not want a "Checker board army" and that it was a "White man's war." Nevertheless, AfriCanadians and their supporters persistently sought enlistments. In the process they exposed the racist underside of Canada's war-time glory. Eventually, the No. 2 CB, a segregated non-combat unit was authorized. Although the No. 2 CB was not the military objective AfriCanadians had fought for, it was one of the few options available for AfriCanadians who wanted to 'do their bit' for Canada during the 'Great War.' As part of a small, yet, slowly developing body of work related to the AfriCanadian wartime experience, this thesis examens the key personalities and events that fostered the creation and recruitment of Canada's only AfriCanadian overseas military unit. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis will explore an issue in the history of American slavery: the importance of the slave family to individual female slaves. The slave families examined in this thesis do not consist exclusively of blood relations. They also include groups of individuals who came together and depended on and loved one another as much as blood relations. These bonds of affection also constituted family. In the main part of the thesis two sources will be examined in great detail: Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861; and Mattie Griffith's Autobiography of a Female Slave, published in 1856. The main issue to be discussed is how these two women described the interaction of members of slave families. Jacobs was a fugitive slave living in the North when she wrote her slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in the 1850s. Griffith, on the other hand, was a white women who wrote a slave novel entitled Autobiography of a Female Slave in 1856. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This research was designed to study the ecology and population dynamics of black bears in the spruce and fir forest of northwestern Montana, to test the hypothesis that extrinsic factors caused fluctuations in population numbers, and to develop management principles for bears. The rough topography and moderate to heavy precipitation on the Big Creek study area have created varied ecological conditions which in many ways are excellent for black bears. Seral and climax stands of the Picea-Abies/ Pachistima myrsinites association are used most extensively by bears, but other vegetative types are important seasonally. The home ranges of adult bears on the area are small and they remain the same size from year to year. As resident males mature, however, their ranges increase in area. Bears do congregate, but only where there is an overlap in their home ranges. Even then they do not form compact groups, but keep at least 50 yards (48 metres) between individuals. Many adult females (bears approximately 4-1/2 years or older) do not have young, apparently because of the failure of females to ovulate, prenatal mortality, and early mortality. Tentative conclusions suggest that seasonal restrictions in nutrition delay the physical maturity and thereby the sexual maturity of some bears. These restrictions are caused by the climate of Big Creek and are detrimental even to adult females on certain years. Inadequate nutrition is also suggested by the observation that some yearlings inhibit estrus for two years by suckling up to 16 months of age. The nutrition of adult males and of many adult females generally is excellent, however. Litter sizes on Big Creek and throughout the West are smaller than in eastern North America, but apparently the cause is genetical rather than nutritional. The survival of cubs is high (95 per cent) from 1/2 to 1-1/2 years of age while they are with their mothers, but all sub-adults are physically weak in late spring and natural loss is considerable among sub-adults 1-1/2 to 3-1/2 years old. They appear especially vulnerable to changes in climate, parasitism, predation, food quantity and quality, and the behaviour of adult bears. Many sub-adult males disperse from the area. Annual changes in the density of bears on Big Creek are caused in part by man, by dispersal of sub-adults, and through changes in the reproductive success of adults and the natural mortality of sub-adults. The numbers of adults on the area remain relatively constant from year to year. Even though food is unlimited during some seasons, a form of territoriality within "social groups" spaces the bears on Big Creek and ultimately exerts a definite control over density. The density is relatively high on Big Creek and probably results in more social interaction and territoriality than in bears elsewhere. Longer care of young, smaller litter sizes, and increased social organization all seem evident as reactions to the Big Creek environment. Extrinsic and intrinsic forces unite, therefore, in population regulation, and the net result is the creation of an excellent habitat for adult black bears, but an harsh, environment for sub-adults after they have left their mothers. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Dans cette recherche, nous chercherons comment l'experience de travail des policiers d'origine haitienne est affecte par une situation minoritaire et empreinte de racisme. Pour ce faire, nous avons tout d'abord mis en evidence l'existence du "racisme" dans la police pour ensuite tenter d'en reperer les effets sur les policiers haitiens a travers leur perception de carriere et leur relations de travail. De l'analyse des donnees (entrevues avec 8 policiers et policieres), est ressortie l'importance de prendre en compte non seulement leur situation minoritaire et le racisme, mais egalement leur positionnement en tant qu'acteurs sociaux qui participent a leur integration. Cette integration a mis en evidence plusieurs pratiques sociales qui ont marque d'une maniere indelebile la societe haitenne, et, par voie de consequence, la communaute haitienne a Montreal. Nous faisons ici reference aux croyances vaudouesques et l'ideologie coloriste qui traverse la culture de ces derniers depuis pres de deux siecles, et posent de nouveaux defits a l'approche communautaire de la police.

archives@tulane.edu / Academic Self-Esteem was examined as a moderator between two dimensions of positive and negative youth experiences (community experiences and perceptions of teacher beliefs) and academic achievement (grade point average and academic future expectations) in a sample of Black adolescents. Self-reported data were collected from 364 participants (grades 9-12, 70% girls) as part of the larger Teen Experiences Project. The students attended a high school in a large and urban city (Mean Age = 15.93, S.D = 1.56). Results from regression analyses revealed that academic self-esteem moderated relations between negative community experiences and academic achievement. For boys, academic achievement increased as academic self-esteem (ASE) and negative community experiences increased; but decreased when ASE was lower and negative community experiences were high. Exploratory regression analysis examining relations between grade level, ASE, and negative community experiences revealed that for students in older grades, achievement reduces when ASE is lower and negative community experiences are high. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. / 1 / Jarrad Hodge

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