Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 26, 2006). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-173).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Restricted until November 1996. Bibliography: leaves 157-175. Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--La Crosse, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the performative construction and appropriations of heteronormative masculinities by heterosexual and homosexual men respectively. My interest in masculinity as a culturally constructed fantasy is extended to imply a desire for the masculine. The idea of masculine desire is further developed by indicating a possible (homo)sexual desire for the heteronormative representation of masculinity. In highlighting the artificial and material qualities of the assumed stable phallus, the impassable structure of hegemonic masculinities, such as manifested in the cowboy and bodybuilder, is turned into the penetrable penis as object of the male gaze. I will concentrate on the fetishization of heterosexual masculine signifiers in physique photography in order to demonstrate this shift in the male gaze. Masculinity as a (de)attachable component allows the de-subjectification and thus, depowering of heteronormative masculinity by the possible appropriation thereof by gay men. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die performatiewe konstruksie en apropriasie van heteronormatiewe manlikhede deur onderskydelik heteroseksuele en homoseksuele mans. My belangstelling in manlikheid as ‘n kultureel gestruktureerde fantasie word uitgebrei om ‘n begeerte vir manlikheid te impliseer. Die idee van manlike begeerte word verder ontwikkel deur ‘n moontlike (homo)seksuele begeerte vir die heteronormatiewe uitbeelding van manlikheid aan te dui. Deur die artifisiële en materiële kwaliteite van die veronderstelde stabiele fallus te beklemtoon, word die ondeurdringbare hegemonie van manlike strukture, soos dit voorkom in die cowboy en liggamsbouer, verander in die penetreerbare penis as objek van die manlike (male) ‘gaze’. Ek konsentreer op die fetisering van heteroseksuele manlike tekens in ‘physique’ fotografie ten einde hierdie skuiwing in die manlike ‘gaze’ te demonstreer. Manlikheid as ‘n (ont)hegbare komponent veronderstel die de-subjektivisering, en dus ontmagtiging van heteronormatiewe manlikheid deur die moontlike appropriasie daarvan deur gay mans.

Problem kring den egna kroppen och dess utseende är något som historiskt sett varit något typiskt genuskodat kvinnligt. Under de senaste 20-30 åren har män i allt större utsträckning rapporterat liknande problematik, detta i samband med en allt högre grad exponering av mannens kropp. Syftet med studien var att belysa och problematisera hur män uppfattar kroppsuppfattningens påverkar kroppssjälvkänslan. Urvalet var biologiskt födda män. De valda informanterna var i åldern 22-32 år. Intervjuerna genomfördes i informanternas hem samt i ett biblioteks privata grupprum. Metoden för att undersöka detta var en semi-strukturerad intervju, som genomfördes med intervjuguide, samt ett kroppsschema för att mäta aktuell och ideal hos informanterna. Resultatet visar att kroppen är mer än något estetiskt eller praktiskt, utan är även en symbol för manlighet och en del av den egna identiteten. Vad det är som påverkar kroppsuppfattningen tycks vara skönhetsideal och internalisering av dessa samt kommentarer om den egna kroppens utseende. Slutsatsen blev att kroppsuppfattningen kan påverka självkänsla, självförtroende och säkerhet inför den egna identiteten. Om en uppfyller skönhetsidealen, de sociala konstruktionerna, när det kommer till kroppens utseende minskar risken för en negativ kroppsuppfattning. / Problems concerning the body and its appearance are difficulties more common occurring among women historically, even though it is more and more frequent among men since the past 20-30 years. The purpose of this study was to enlighten and problematize how men perceive that body image influences their body-esteem. The sample of the study was biological born men, and those participating were 22-32 years old. The method used was a semi-structured interview, containing an interview guide and a body scale. The body scale was used as a tool to measure actual and ideal body of the participants. The interviews took place at the participant’s homes of in private rooms of one library. The results indicate that the male body is more than its function and esthetics; it is also a symbol of manhood and a significant part of one’s identity. What may impact on one’s body image and body esteem seems to be body ideals, the internalizations of these and others commentary of one’s own body appearance. The conclusion was that body image may influence self-esteem, self-confidence and the security of one’s identity. If one’s body correlates with the body ideals, the social constructions, the risk of a negative body image decreases.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-170). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). Also available on the Internet.