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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Asymptotics for the Sequential Empirical Process and Testing for Distributional Change for Stationary Linear Models

El Ktaibi, Farid January 2015 (has links)
Detecting a change in the structure of a time series is a classical statistical problem. Here we consider a short memory causal linear process $X_i=\sum_{j=0}^\infty a_j\xi_{i-j}$, $i=1,\cdots,n$, where the innovations $\xi_i$ are independent and identically distributed and the coefficients $a_j$ are summable. The goal is to detect the existence of an unobserved time at which there is a change in the marginal distribution of the $X_i$'s. Our model allows us to simultaneously detect changes in the coefficients and changes in location and/or scale of the innovations. Under very simple moment and summability conditions, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the sequential empirical process based on the $X_i$'s both with and without a change-point, and show that two proposed test statistics are consistent. In order to find appropriate critical values for the test statistics, we then prove the validity of the moving block bootstrap for the sequential empirical process under both the hypothesis and the alternative, again under simple conditions. Finally, the performance of the proposed test statistics is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations.
2

Regression då data utgörs av urval av ranger

Widman, Linnea January 2012 (has links)
För alpina skidåkare mäter man prestationer i så kallad FIS-ranking. Vi undersöker några metoder för hur man kan analysera data där responsen består av ranger som dessa. Vid situationer då responsdata utgörs av urval av ranger finns ingen självklar analysmetod. Det vi undersöker är skillnaderna vid användandet av olika regressionsanpassningar så som linjär, logistisk och ordinal logistisk regression för att analysera data av denna typ. Vidare används bootstrap för att bilda konfidensintervall. Det visar sig att för våra datamaterial ger metoderna liknande resultat när det gäller att hitta betydelsefulla förklarande variabler. Man kan därmed utgående från denna undersökning, inte se några skäl till varför man ska använda de mer avancerade modellerna. / Alpine skiers measure their performance in FIS ranking. We will investigate some methods on how to analyze data where response data is based on ranks like this. In situations where response data is based on ranks there is no obvious method of analysis. Here, we examine differences in the use of linear, logistic and ordinal logistic regression to analyze data of this type. Bootstrap is used to make confidence intervals. For our data these methods give similar results when it comes to finding important explanatory variables. Based on this survey we cannot see any reason why one should use the more advanced models.
3

Estimation of dynamical systems with application in mechanics / Estimation des systèmes dynamiques avec application en mécanique

Papamichail, Chrysanthi 28 June 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur inférence statistique, les méthodes bootstrap et l’analyse multivariée dans le cadre des processus semi-markoviens. Les applications principales concernent un problème de la mécanique de la rupture. Ce travail a une contribution double. La première partie concerne la modélisation stochastique du phénomène de la propagation de fissure de fatigue. Une équation différentielle stochastique décrit le mécanisme de la dégradation et le caractère aléatoire inné du phénomène est traité par un processus de perturbation. Sous l'hypothèse que ce processus soit un processus markovien (ou semi-markovien) de saut, la fiabilité du modèle est étudiée en faisant usage de la théorie du renouvellement markovien et une nouvelle méthode, plus rapide, de calcul de fiabilité est proposée avec l'algorithme correspondant. La méthode et le modèle pour le processus markovien de perturbation sont validés sur des données expérimentales. Ensuite, la consistance forte des estimateurs des moindres carrés des paramètres du modèle est obtenue en supposant que les résidus du modèle stochastique de régression, dans lequel le modèle initial est transformé, soient des différences de martingales. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons abordé le problème difficile de l'approximation de la distribution limite de certains estimateurs non paramétriques des noyaux semi-markoviens ou certaines fonctionnelles via la méthode bootstrap pondérée dans un cadre général. Des applications de ces résultats sur des problèmes statistiques sont données pour la construction de bandes de confiance, les tests statistiques, le calcul de la valeur p du test et pour l’estimation des inverses généralisés. / The present dissertation is devoted to the statistical inference, bootstrap methods and multivariate analysis in the framework of semi-Markov processes. The main applications concern a mechanical problem from fracture mechanics. This work has a two-fold contribution. The first part concerns in general the stochastic modeling of the fatigue crack propagation phenomenon. A stochastic differential equation describes the degradation mechanism and the innate randomness of the phenomenon is handled by a perturbation process. Under the assumption that this process is a jump Markov (or semi-Markov) process, the reliability of the model is studied by means of Markov renewal theory and a new, faster, reliability calculus method is proposed with the respective algorithm. The method and the model for the Markov perturbation process are validated on experimental fatigue data. Next, the strong consistency of the least squares estimates of the model parameters is obtained by assuming that the residuals of the stochastic regression model are martingale differences into which the initial model function is transformed. In the second part of the manuscript, we have tackled the difficult problem of approximating the limiting distribution of certain non-parametric estimators of semi-Markov kernels or some functionals of them via the weighted bootstrap methodology in a general framework. Applications of these results on statistical problems such as the construction of confidence bands, the statistical tests, the computation of the p-value of the test are provided and the estimation of the generalized inverses.

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