<p> Several new discoveries in <i>Euphorbia</i> L. subg. <i> Chamaesyce</i> Raf. sect. <i>Anisophyllum</i> Roeper for the Trans-Pecos region of Texas are documented. These include <i>E. ophthalmica </i> Pers., a species new to the Trans-Pecos from Marfa, Presidio County; <i> E. abramsiana</i> L.C. Wheeler new to Texas from Brewster and Presidio Counties; <i>E. vermiculata</i> Raf., new to Texas from Alpine, Brewster County; <i>E. cryptorubra</i> N.C. Taylor &amp; M. Terry, a newly described species from southern Hudspeth County and northern Chihuahua, Mexico; notes on <i>E. golondrina</i> L.C. Wheeler including two potential novelties; and notes on <i>E. fendleri</i> Torr. &amp; A. Gray, a problematic species complex. The sections concerning <i>E. abramsiana</i> and <i>E. cryptorubra</i> have been published Taylor and Terry (2016) in Phytoneuron and the Journal of the Botanical Institute of Texas respectively. Within <i>E. golondrina</i> and <i> E. fendleri,</i> there is much room for study, and directions for future investigations are indicated. Provided at the end is a key to all species now known for the Trans-Pecos region of Texas.</p>