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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of remote sensing methods for measurement of large, gravel-bed, braided rivers

Westaway, Richard Martin January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
2

Self organisation in braided systems : DEM analysis of the River Feshie, Scotland

Langham, Joseph Anthony January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
3

Braided river springs : distribution, benthic ecology and role in the landscape : a thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology at the University of Canterbury /

Gray, Duncan January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-181). Also available via the World Wide Web.
4

Relation of Missouri river flows to sandbar morphology with implications for selected biota

Tracy-Smith, Emily. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
5

Etude expérimentale de la dynamique sédimentaire des rivières en tresses / Experimental study of braided rivers dynamics

Leduc, Pauline 19 December 2013 (has links)
Les mécanismes complexes qui régissent la morphologie des rivières en tresses et l'interaction avec le tri granulométrique restent encore à approfondir. Cette thèse s'articule autour de trois thèmes : l'étude de la déstabilisation d'un système en tresses puis sa mise à l'équilibre, l'interaction de la morphologie avec le tri granulométrique et enfin la prédiction du transport solide. Pour cela, nous avons étudié 3 modélisations de différents systèmes alluviaux : des bancs alternés en granulométrie étendue (durée 100h), un système en tresses en granulométrie uniforme (durée 385h) et enfin un système en granulométrie étendue (durée 435h). Chaque modèle de tresses a subi plusieurs changements de conditions d'alimentation. Il ressort que seul un paramètre, la surface du lit situé au delà de la pente moyenne, pourrait être un bon candidat pour comparer l'état d'équilibre (érosion ou exhaussement) de différents systèmes. Pour une étude d'un site donnée, les paramètres classiques comme la pente ou le Bed Relief Index (BRI) sont tout aussi pertinents. Le tri granulométrique sur les systèmes divaguants se manifeste de plusieurs façons : il est à l'origine de la migration du chenal principal et participe activement à la formation de patchs sédimentaires, catalyseurs de l'émergence des bancs. Les lobes sédimentaires qui se retrouvent dans le modèle en granulométrie uniforme n'apparaissent que dans certains cas, laissant place à une mobilité des sédiments discontinue, généralement de proche en proche. La modélisation du transport solide dans ces systèmes à faciès complexes se heurte à la forte variabilité des conditions hyro-sédimentaires. L'abondance de confluences et des fronts de bancs modifie la relation de transport avec les conditions locales. L'influence de la morphologie est prépondérante dans la dynamique du transport solide. / Complex mechanisms involved in braided rivers morphology and the interaction with the grain sorting are slightly studied. Throughout this thesis, we study the morphological signature of a system at equilibrium, and the interaction between the bed morphology and grain sorting. From our small-scale experiments, we studied the prediction of sediment transport. We studied three different small-scale streams, a alternate bars model with heterogeneous sediment (duration 100h), a braided stream model using uniform sand (duration 385h) and a braided stream model using sand and coarse sand mixture (duration 435h). Upstream conditions have been changed several times for each braided stream. It appears that the only one relevant index to compare sediments stages of different streams is the surface above the average slope. To study a single site's evolution, the traditional parameters such as slope or Bed Relief Index (BRI) are relevant enough. We observed different effects of grain sorting. First, grain sorting is responsible of selective depositions and led to active channel migration. The selective deposition leads to bar emergence. Sedimentary lobes that we observed on uniform sand model were rarely noticed on the sand and coarse sand mixture experiment. This results suggests that sediments motion is tiny linked to grain size range. Modeling of sediment transport in such varied morphology faces different problems. Plenty of confluences and fronts bars changes sediment transport and local conditions connections. The influence of morphology is predominant in the dynamic of sediment transport.
6

Linking Form and Process in Braided Rivers Using Physical and Numerical Models

Kasprak, Alan 01 May 2015 (has links)
Braided channels arise due to high sediment availability in conjunction with regular competent flows and readily erodible banks. Together, these boundary conditions lead to the deposition and reworking of a network of transient bars that characterize the braided planform. However, quantifying the geomorphic response of braided systems to alterations in these boundary conditions is not straightforward, as channels adjust over a wide range of timescales, rendering traditional field-based observation intractable. As such, the development of simple yet robust relationships between channel morphology and sediment transport has the potential to allow predictions of channel response to altered hydrologic or sediment regimes. In this research, I first use laboratory flume experiments to relate particle travel distance during floods (termed particle path length) and the spacing of channel bars in braided rivers (Chapter 2), finding that deposition sites for sediment in transport can be readily predicted by the characteristic confluence-diffluence spacing in a reach. I then use the relationship between path length and channel morphology to build a simple, open-source morphodynamic model for braided rivers that computes sediment transport using path-length distributions derived from bar spacing (Chapter 3). I explore the validity of this model, specifically noting that its modular framework allows exploration of process representations in morphodynamic modeling in ways existing models do not. Finally, I employ the model to determine the role of sediment supply in braided channel bar morphodynamics (Chapter 4). Specifically, I address the relative roles of sediment sourced from upstream versus sediment sourced from within a braided reach in terms of channel morphodynamics at decadal timescales. This research demonstrates that simple scaling relationships, while necessarily imperfect, nevertheless provide insight into morphodynamic processes in braided rivers, while also allowing predictions of channel response to sediment or hydrologic forcing at the timescales of channel adjustment.
7

SAR data processing for the detection and monitoring of braided gravelbed rivers morphodynamics

Rossi, Daniele 23 April 2024 (has links)
Braided rivers represent one of the most complex forms of natural streams. Characterized by intense bed-load transport and highly dynamic channels, they carry significant naturalistic value and support a multiplicity of ecosystem services. Anthropogenic stressors and environmental changes put under stress hydro-morphological dynamics, biological processes, and ecosystem functioning and services of these fragile environments, necessitating integrated management and conservation strategies to preserve their biodiversity and ecological integrity. From a regulatory perspective, the two European Directives 2007/60/EC (the Floods Directive) and 2000/60/EC (the Water Framework Directive) identify and promote win--win measures that both reduce hydraulic risk and enhance the quality of water bodies. Some examples of win--win measures are river naturalization projects that not only restore river ecosystems to their natural state, enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services but also provide flood protection, improve water quality, and offer recreational opportunities for local communities. This thesis contributes to the development of scientific knowledge in the previously mentioned areas, facilitating the know-how transfer of expertise from academia to the public institution. Building on these premises, this thesis aims to provide additional insights into the morphodynamics of braided rivers, offering new perspectives on the evolution of morphological indices during flood events and contributing valuable knowledge on how these complex systems respond to external stressors. The PhD thesis has been structured along three parts. The primary goal was to develop an innovative unsupervised algorithm for extracting the spatial and temporal evolution of braided river morphology. This computational framework is tailored for Sentinel--1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, overcoming the limitations imposed by weather conditions and day--night cicles. Moreover, it can be effortlessly adapted to additional SAR imagery databases. In cases where the water class covers only a minimal area of the entire scene, the histogram primarily represents the dry soil class. The framework faces this challenge employing a Self-Adaptive Thresholding Approach (SATA) to achieve a distinct bimodal distribution, enabling the accurate computation of threshold values for the 'dry soil' and 'water' classes. The tool, developed within the Python--API of Google Earth Engine (GEE), allowed us to assess the intra--event inundation dynamics, the estimation of the relationship between hydrometric level and wet area extension, and the assessment of bank erosion phenomena. The second chapter focuses on analyzing how morphological indices, such as the Total Braiding Intensity (TBI) index defined as the number of active channels, the Maximum Channel distance (MCD) defined as the distance between the most external channels, and the Cross-Sectional Cumulative Wetted Area (WA) defined as the sum of the wet area of all chanels in a cross section, correlate with discharge variations during flood events. To achieve this objective, the framework designed for Sentinel--1 images was adapted for use with high--definition imagery from the Italian COSMO--SkyMed satellite constellation. Leveraging the superior ground resolution of 3x3 meters provided by the Italian COSMO--SkyMed satellite constellation, we successfully segmented narrow secondary branches that remained undetected with Sentinel--1's 5x20 meter resolution. Thus obtained, the temporal evolution of the braiding system, enables us to evaluate the temporal evolution and the relationship between the TBI, MCD, and WA indices with increasing discharge values. The last part of the PhD thesis, deals with the assessment of the river bed grain size. The initial concept behind this PhD work was to analyze the potential of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in assessing not only river morphology but also the pattern of patches with different grain size. While the initial two parts of the work addressed this, the final section's analysis of SAR data, unfortunately, did not provide significant results. Nevertheless, the subjects of surface roughness and the creation of spatially distributed grain size maps continue to hold significant scientific value in the fields of hydraulic and eco--hydraulic modeling and a key information for river management and renaturation projects. The principal role of this factor led us to slightly shift the research focus towards a detailed investigation of these elements, utilizing orthophotos, digital imagery, and corresponding analytical methods to model patterns of river roughness and grain size. A map illustrating the spatial pattern of grain size at the river reach scale was produced through regression analysis. This analysis correlated the texture properties derived from orthophoto tiles with the d50, d84, d90, and d95 grain size characteristics obtained from digital images, thereby providing considerable support for the implementation of detailed hydraulic models.
8

Modeling flood-induced processes causing Russell lupin mortality in the braided Ahuriri River, New Zealand

Javernick, Luke Anthony January 2013 (has links)
The braided rivers and floodplains in the Upper Waitaki Basin (UWB) of the South Island of New Zealand are critical habitats for endangered and threatened fauna such as the black stilt. However, this habitat has degraded due to introduced predators, hydropower operations, and invasive weeds including Russell lupins. While conservation efforts have been made to restore these habitats, flood events may provide a natural mechanism for removal of invasive vegetation and re-creation of natural floodplain habitats. However, little is understood about the hydraulic effects of floods on vegetation and potential mortality in these dynamic systems. Therefore, this thesis analyzed the flood-induced processes that cause lupin mortality in a reach of the Ahuriri River in the UWB, and simulated various sized flood events to assess how and where these processes occurred. To determine the processes that cause lupin mortality, post-flood observations were utilized to develop the hypothesis that flood-induced drag, erosion, sediment deposition, inundation, and trauma were responsible. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate and quantify these individual processes, and results showed that drag, erosion, sediment deposition and inundation could cause lupin mortality. Utilizing these mortality processes, mortality thresholds of velocity, water depth, inundation duration, and morphologic changes were estimated through data analysis and evaluation of various empirical relationships. Delft3D was the numerical model used to simulate 2-dimensional flood hydraulics in the study-reach and was calibrated in three stages for hydraulics, vegetation, and morphology. Hydraulic calibration was achieved using the study-reach topography captured by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and various hydraulic data (depth, velocity, and water extent from aerial photographs). Vegetation inclusion in Delft3D was possible utilizing a function called ‘trachytopes’, which represented vegetation roughness and flow resistance and was calibrated utilizing data from a lupin-altered flow conveyance experiment. Morphologic calibration was achieved by simulating an observed near-mean annual flood event (209 m3 s-1) and adjusting the model parameters until the simulated morphologic changes best represented the observed morphologic changes captured by pre- and post-flood SfM digital elevation models. Calibration results showed that hydraulics were well represented, vegetation inclusion often improved the simulated water inundation extent accuracy at high flows, but that local erosion and sediment deposition were difficult to replicate. Simulation of morphological change was expected to be limited due to simplistic bank erosion prediction methods. Nevertheless, the model was considered adequate since simulated total bank erosion was comparable to that observed and realistic river characteristics (riffles, pools, and channel width) were produced. Flood events ranging from the 2- to 500-year flood were simulated with the calibrated model, and lupin mortality was estimated using simulation results with the lupin mortality thresholds. Results showed that various degrees of lupin mortality occurred for the different flood events, but that the dominant mortality processes fluctuated between erosion, drag, and inundation. Sediment deposition-induced mortality was minimal, but was likely under-represented in the modeling due to poor model sediment deposition replication and possibly over-restrictive deposition mortality thresholds. The research presented in this thesis provided greater understanding of how natural flood events restore and preserve the floodplain habitats of the UWB and can be used to aid current and future braided river conservation and restoration efforts.
9

Dynamics of a transitional river pattern : a multi-scale investigation of controls on the wandering pattern of Miramichi rivers, New Brunswick, Canada

Burge, Leif M. January 2003 (has links)
The wandering river pattern represents one of the last remaining river patterns that are not well understood. Many aspects of these rivers are not well known, particularly the processes of their creation and maintenance. The term wandering describes gravel or cobble bedded rivers, transitional between braided and meandering, with multiple channel sections around semi-permanent islands connected by single channel sections. This dissertation investigates the controls on the characteristics of wandering rivers within the Miramichi region of New Brunswick through time and at three nested spatial scales. / At the scale of rivers, three factors appear to be needed for wandering to occur: (1) wide valleys, (2) channel energy between braiding and meandering, and (3) avulsion triggers, frequent overbank flows caused by icejams in the Miramichi. Principal component analysis showed that larger wandering rivers displayed greater anabranching intensity than smaller rivers, perhaps related to higher stage ice jams within larger rivers. / At the scale of channels, the wandering pattern of the Renous River was found to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with channel creation balanced by channel abandonment. The anabranch cycle model was developed to illustrate the temporal dynamics of anabranch creation, maintenance and abandonment within wandering rivers. / Also at the channel scale, principal component analysis of channel reaches within the Renous River displayed differences in grain size and hydraulic efficiency between side-channels and main-channels. Energy and sediment mobility within side-channels was related to their formation, maintenance and abandonment. Energy and sediment mobility within main-channels was related to mega bedforms called bedwaves. The apex of some bedwaves occurred at diffluences. / At the scale of channel elements, diffluences are stable where a large bar is formed and accretes upstream, creating a large reservoir of sediment upstream of anabranch channels to buffer their degradation. Where diffluences are unstable, a large bar forms within one anabranch channel to partially block flow and may cause its abandonment. The dissertation illustrates that within wandering rivers, processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales interact to create and maintain the pattern.
10

Dynamics of a transitional river pattern : a multi-scale investigation of controls on the wandering pattern of Miramichi rivers, New Brunswick, Canada

Burge, Leif M. January 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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