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Basic fibroblast growth factor in the injured brainRowntree, Sharon R., University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 1995 (has links)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been implicated in the brain's trophic response to injury. This thesis examined the effects of endogenous bFGF on brain plasticity and recovery of behavioral function following cortical injury in adult rats. The first experiment investigated the post-lesion time course of the astrocytic expression of bFGF. Subsequent experiments examined the effects of injury-induced bFGF on neuroonal morphology, cortical morphology, and post-lesion behavioral deficits. Following motor cortex injury, endogenous bFGF prevented neuritic degeneration in layer V pyramidal neurons in Zilles' area Fr2 and promoted recovery of function in the Whishaw Reaching Task. Housing rats in an enriched environment prior to cortical injury enhanced the expression of bFGF but did not increase cortical thickness nor reduce post-lesion behavioral deficits (relative to laboratroy-housed rats). Collectively, these experiments indicate that injury-induced bFGF plays a role in potentiating recovery from brain damage. This implies that bFGF may be beneficial as a treatment following brain injury. / x, 123 p. ; 28 cm.
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Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances recovery in ratsWaite, Wendy Lou, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2003 (has links)
This thesis examined the role of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in stimulating recovery after early cortical injury. Rats with medial prefrontal cortex (MFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), or sham lesions at postnatal day 3 (P3) received one of three variations of FGF-2 treatment: postnatal FGF-2 that was either pre-mixed or prepared daily, or prenatal FGF-2, and tested in adulthood. Behavioral tests used were: 1) the Morris Water task and, 2) the Whishaw Tray Reaching task. The level of functional recovery attained was dependent on FGF-2 preparation and the developmental period. MFC lesion rats showed good recovery but there was a differntial effect of pre and postnatal FGF-2 that appeared to be related to task. PPC rats showed greater recovery after postnatal rather than prenatal treatment. Anatomical changes were restricted to groups with relatively good functional recovery. These findings suggest a multifunctional role of FGF-2 in the injured brain. / xvi, 223 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Mechanisms underlying recovery from early cortical injury in ratsDallison, Agnes, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 1999 (has links)
Previous work has shown that removal of the midline frontal cortex at seven to ten days of age is followed by recovery of function correlated with apparent spontaneous generation of new tissue in the lesion cavity.
The question asked in the present thesis was whether the removal of the regrown tissue in adulthood would block normal function. Rats that received P10 frontal lesions underwent second lesions at P160, and were compared to rats with only P10 or P160 lesions. Rats with P10 + P160 lesions were severely impaired on a spatial learning task, especially relative to the P10 lesion-only rats. In a second experiment, rats with P10 + P160 lesions were given intra-ventricular infusions of a cocktail of three growth factors. The animals with growth factors showed marked behavioral recovery, although there was no cell regeneration. The results of these experiments suggest that filled-in tissue in neonatally lesioned rats is functional. / viii, 74 leaves : col. ill. ; 28 cm.
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Early unilateral olfactory bulb lesion results in diffuse changes in behavior and overall cortical organizationGoldsbury, Robin Paulette, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2007 (has links)
The current work explores the behavioural and anatomical consequences of
unilateral neonatal bulbectomy (OBX) in male and female rats at postnatal day 1 (PI) and
P10. In adulthood the animals underwent a battery of motor and cognitive tests, and
diffuse effects of early brain injury on the development of behavior were found.
Disturbing olfactory sense input during development affected motor output. Rats
normally display an equal distribution of right or left paw preference. In this study, both
OBX sexes showed a shifted paw preference to the ipsilesional side, and forelimb deficits
were found in a skilled reaching task. Lesion animals also showed enhanced
performance on a visually driven spatial cognitive test. Cross-modal compensatory
changes may be responsible. Morphological changes within the cerebral cortex are
described, including bulbar changes, enlarged but fewer glomeruli, smaller accessory
olfactory bulb, decreased downstream connectivity, and a rostral shift of the forebrain
toward the olfactory bulb. Changes to the lateral cortex were found in both intact and
lesion hemispheres, along with dendritic changes in the forelimb reaching area. Cellular
regeneration within the lesion bulb was indicated. Changed shape and relative size
increases compared to the intact bulb were found. BrdU labeling showed increased
mitotic activity in P10 lesion animals. These findings demonstrate that the impact of
olfactory injury during early development goes well beyond odor perception and
discrimination, and that olfactory inputs during development significantly contribute to
the development of the neocortex. / xix, 195 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
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System to compress while electrically stimulating hippocampal brain slices (SCWESH) : design, development, and electromechanical validationHarp, Phillip Allan 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Cognitive performance in TBI children: : examining the relationship between lesion volume and psychometric testing results / Cognitive performance in traumatic brain injury childrenNixon, Jodi L. January 2001 (has links)
The relationship between lesion volume in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and IQ scores was investigated in this study. Participants included eight children between the ages of 8-12 years with primarily right hemisphere TBIs and 16 normals who were matched based on age and gender. Archival data employing the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - III (WISC-III) scores was the source of Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores. Severity of injury was determined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) which was contained in the same archival database. Lesion volume was determined utilizing National Institute of Health (NIH) Image (Version 1.76) and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the injured children. The area of the lesion was outlined, using the freehand line tool, on successive slices, summed, and multiplied by the corresponding acquisition slice gap to obtain a measure of total volume. Results indicated that lesion volume does not explain a significant portion of the variance associated with TBI. Severely injured children had lower IQs than children with mild or no injury. Additionally, children with right hemisphere injuries had significantly lower VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores than normals. Qualitative analyses revealed that lesion volume appears to be related to the change in IQ scores during recovery. Typically, children with larger lesions (e.g., more severe injury) had greater functional losses and had greater gains to make; therefore, they demonstrated greater changes in IQ score as compared to less severely injured children. Predicting the area of deficit based upon lesion location yielded results congruent with chance. Results appear to reinforce the complexity of TBI; no single piece of data explains a significant portion of the variance associated with this phenomenon. Future research should strive toExamine and control for the numerous factors associated with TBI (e.g., age, lesion location, lesion volume, premorbid abilities, parental education, GCS score, gender, use of standard test battery, and many others) within a single study. Efforts to provide optimal treatment and recovery of TBI patients could be informed by such research. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Cognitive factors underlying the social problem solving process : investigation in individuals with brain injuryIbarra, Summer Lee 20 July 2013 (has links)
Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Bioactive thermoresponsive hydrogels for neural tissue engineeringStabenfeldt, Sarah Elizabeth. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: LaPlaca, Michelle; Committee Member: Bellamkonda, Ravi; Committee Member: Garcia, Andres; Committee Member: Hochman, Shawn; Committee Member: Wang, Yadong. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Traumatic brain injury and attention : postconcussion symptoms and indices of reaction timeMureriwa, Joachim F. L. 07 1900 (has links)
One of the consequences of traumatic brain injury is the postconcussion syndrome. The symptoms in
this syndrome include headache, dizziness, poor memory, poor concentration, easy fatigue,
drowsiness, irritability, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise, low alcohol tolerance, visual
problems, auditory problems, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and depression. Several factor analytic
studies have shown that these symptoms load onto cognitive and noncognitive
factors (Bohnen, Twijnstra, & Jolles, 1992). The aim of this study was to determine whether
patients who report different symptoms also evidence differences in cognitive deficits, as indexed
by reaction time.
For this purpose 106 subjects (mean age 25.92 years; SD=6.05) of both sexes were tested on 8
reaction time tasks adapted from Shum, McFarland, Bain, and Humphreys (1990). There were 54
traumatic brain injury patients (mean age
26.40 years; SD=6.23) drawn from three Pretoria hospitals. They were
heterogeneous with respect to diagnosis and severity of injury. For the controls
(N=52), the mean age was 25.43 years (SD=5.88). The eight reaction time tasks
constituted 4 task variables, each with 21evels. From these tasks, 36 reaction time indexes were
derived. The indexes were classified into 4 groups, viz., reaction
time (RT), movement time (MT), total reaction time (TT), and subtraction scores
(SB, the difference between the 2 levels for each task variable).
RT reflects the decision component and MT reflects the response execution component of reaction
time. Partial correlation coefficients for all symptoms
(p0,01) showed that some symptoms were most frequently associated with RT whilst others were most
frequently associated with MT. On factor analysis with varimax rotation, symptoms loaded
predominantly with SB scores. Symptoms also loaded with different task variablseuiggesting that they correlated with deficits on
different stages of information processing. Taking into account possible methodological constraints
that were discussed, these results confirm that different symptoms within the postconcussion
syndrome correlate with different cognitive deficits. The correlations between symptoms and indices
of reaction time are moderated by the characteristics of the symptoms (frequency & intensity), and the duration since
injury. These findings have significance for understanding the aetiology of the postconcussion
symptoms and for planning treatment. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)
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Needs of family members of critically ill brain-injured patients during the ICU experienceFitzGerald, Patricia Anne January 1990 (has links)
This descriptive exploratory study was designed to determine the perceived importance of selected needs of family members of critically ill brain-injured patients. In addition, the personal/demographic factors which may have influenced the needs of these family members were investigated, as well as the reasons family members perceived these needs as important or unimportant.
A convenience sample of one family member for each of 15 critically ill brain-injured patients was selected from two tertiary care hospitals and the community. Family members were interviewed using a pre-determined interview guide and asked to verbally rate 20 need statements on a four-point Likert-type scale. Generally, family members perceived all 20 needs to be important. However, the importance of each need was influenced by the family members' personal/demographic factors. No significant statistical relationship was found between personal/demographic factors and the family members' perceptions of the importance of selected needs. However, the findings of the study suggest that family members relate their needs to their present experience, and thus individual assessment of family members' needs is crucial. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate
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