Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 452-473).

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Water harvesting techniques were used for increasing water availability for rainfed agriculture and for human consumption. The treatments involving soil and water management for cropping were as follows: (1) traditional; (2) microcatchment; (3) microcatchment plus fertilization with ordinary superphosphate (OSP); (4) microcatchment plus fertilization with manure; and (5) supplemental tank irrigation. A cistern with 50 m³ capacity was constructed to provide drinking water. The crop enterprises were cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)/corn (Zea mays), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)/cactus (Opuntia spp.)/algaroba (Prosopis juliflora). Both were intercropped. The overall objectives of the study were: (1) to examine the impact of the application of water harvesting techniques together with crop management, with and 14 without fertilization on: farmer, (ii) profitability cropping, and (iii) labor benefit of a cistern based (i) financial position of the of each individual enterprise in utilization; (2) to estimate the on the costs of carrying water. All analysis were developed with the aid of Supercalc 4 spreadsheet software. Farm performance measures were: crop production; cash flows; income statements, net worth; cost and returns statements; and labor utilization. The impact of the household cistern was assessed through a benefit cost approach. From the results the following main conclusions were drawn: (1) microcatchment contributed marginally to increased yields; (2) microcatchment combined with OSP produced yield increases which were twice those of the traditional process; (3) tank irrigation with OSP quadrupled the traditional productivities; (4) the sorghum/cactus/algaroba enterprise presented a better cash position than cowpeas/ corn; (5) the farm can support the investments necessary for the application of water harvesting since it is financially liquid and solvent; (6) significant increase in net income was achieved when water harvesting was combined with fertilization for both enterprises; (7) the existing family labor potential on the farm is enough to supply the demand imposed by any one of the soil and water management treatment; (8) if opportunity cost of labor is involved in assessing the profitability of cropping, the most profitable soil and water management practice was tank irrigation; and (9) the construction of a cistern is an economical and feasible decision.

The Lower Cretaceous tectonosequence constitutes a major chronostratigraphic interval in the Recôncavo Basin, Northeast Brazil. It encompasses a time span of ca. of 24 Ma and forms a continental sedimentary package that exceeds 5 km in thickness within its depocenters. The tectonosequence is bounded by two basinwide unconformities, the rift onset unconformity at its base and the breakup unconformity at its top. The basal deposits of the tectonosequence characterize transitional rift conditions. The bulk of the succession constitutes the record of the rift phase in the basin. Biostratigraphy in the Recôncavo Basin is based on nonmarine ostracods. The tectonosequence encompasses ostracod zones NRT 002 through NRT 009. Tectonic, sedimentologic, and paleoecologic characteristics permit the recognition of six tectono-depositional intervals within the tectonosequence. Tectono-depositional intervals cover a time span between 2 Ma and 7.5 Ma, and their boundaries are distinct marker beds. Lithologic, paleontologic, and geochemical characteristics of the marker beds suggest low sediment input at the time of their deposition. Tectonic and/or paleoclimatic changes may account for phases of marker bed creation. Within tectono-depositional inteivals II, IV, and V sedimentary cyclicity occurs. Sedimentary cycles spanning tens to hundreds of thousands years are termed tectono-depositional episodes. Such an episode is comparable in scale with a parasequence, and is also bounded by marker beds reflecting flooding events. Depositional systems within the tectonosequence show a change from lacustrine-dominated sedimentation at the base to fluvial-dominated deposition at the top. Reservoir potential increases toward the top of the tectonosequence, source rock and sealing conditions, however, follow the opposite path. The bulk of known hydrocarbon accumulations in the Recôncavo Basin occurs at the prerift/rift interface. Accumulation rate estimates show increasing values toward the top of the tectonosequence. This may be related to a better integration of the drainage system that fed into the basin and removal of possible structural barriers located along the basin's margins. Analysis of the sedimentary record of the tectonosequence suggests, besides tectonism, paleoclimate was an important mechanism controlling facies distribution and evolution. / text

The sertao of northeast Brazil is a semiarid region characterized by recurring droughts. The vastness of the area (650,000 km$ sp2)$ poses a challenge to the effective monitoring of the impacts of drought at a scale that would be useful to the inhabitants of the sertao. Remote sensing data provide a viable way of assessing the extent and nature of drought across the landscape. / The work present a more effective algorithm to estimate rainfall from both the cold and warm cloud types present. Using a decision-tree methodology, the analysis yields rainfall estimates over the 0-21 mm range. Because seasonal variations in rainfall produce differences in vegetation, soils and hydrologic responses, Principal Components Analysis was used to examine these land surface responses. Individual components and component pairings were useful in identifying variations in vegetation density, geobotanical differences and drainage characteristics. The presence of cloud cover was found to dampen the land surface information that could be extracted. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery was then used to produce a moisture index which characterizes surface wetness in relation to other features present in a scene. The multispectral combination of TM bands 1, 4 and 6 allowed for the separation of the surface types present, in locational space. This space was defined by an open-ended triange made up of a vertical "water line", a horizontal line of equal vegetation density; and a negatively-slopping iso-moisture line. The stability of the moisture index was influenced by varying scale and seasonal conditions. / In the drought conditions that prevailed in 1991-1992, these methods provide important additions to existing drought monitoring approaches in the Brazilian northeast. Further calibration is required in order to extend their applicability to other geographical regions and time frames.

Orientador: Ticiano Jose Saraiva dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T05:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_WagnerdaSilva_D.pdf: 21391816 bytes, checksum: 86ac3a60986656ddccb8ef31c72ee455 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Geociências

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Orientador: Ana Lucia Gonçalves da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavares_DenisiaAraujoChagas_D.pdf: 2096856 bytes, checksum: b3260259401aedcd32bb675468fce7d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta tese procura analisar os impactos da abertura comercial, da reestruturação produtiva, da guerra fiscal e do recente dinamismo do mercado interno sobre a cadeia produtiva têxtil e o consequente processo de relocalização das empresas dessa cadeia para o Nordeste brasileiro, além do movimento de expansão dessas empresas. A cadeia têxtil nordestina, inicialmente, foi beneficiada pela adoção de políticas estaduais de incentivos fiscais e creditícios por parte dos Estados nordestinos, bem como por outras condições vantajosas relativas a custo de produção, como salário e condições de infraestrutura local, resultando no fenômeno da relocalização produtiva de empresas dos Estados mais avançados do país, sobretudo, para a região Nordeste nos anos 1990. Posteriormente, o movimento da cadeia foi menos intenso, passando a se destacar a expansão de micro e pequenas empresas no Nordeste durante a década de 2000. O recente ciclo virtuoso da produção, emprego, renda, consumo e investimento ocorrido no Brasil beneficiou esse último movimento da cadeia têxtil nordestina. A região passou a constituir oportunidades de novos nichos de investimento, com o aumento de consumo dos estratos inferiores de renda, já que os setores têxtil e de confecção têm o mercado interno como seu principal locus de acumulação de capital. Diante desse contexto, a cadeia têxtil nordestina vem avançando em variáveis tais como unidades produtivas, pessoal ocupado, produtividade e até alguma melhora nas exportações / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to analyze the impact of trade liberalization, the restructuring of production, the tax war, and the recent dynamism of the internal market of the textile production chain and the consequent process of relocation of companies in this chain to the Northeast of Brazil, and the expansion of these companies. The northeast textile chain initially benefited from the adoption of state policies of fiscal and credit incentives on the part of the northeastern states, as well as other advantageous conditions relating to production costs, such as wages and the conditions of local infrastructure, this resulted in the phenomenon of relocation of production companies from more advanced states in the country to especially the Northeast from the 1990s. Later, the movement of the chain was less intense, going on to highlight the expansion of micro and small businesses in the Northeast during the 2000s. The recent virtuous cycle of production, employment, income, consumption and investment that occurred in Brazil benefited this last movement of the textile chain in the Northeast. The region began to create niche opportunities for new investments, with increased consumption by the lower income strata, since the textile and clothing sector's internal market is their primary locus of capital accumulation. As a result, the northeastern textile chain is advancing variables such as establishments, workforce, productivity and even some improvement in exports / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Orientador: Bruno Wilhelm Speck / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:03:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_DaniellePereirade_M.pdf: 1574248 bytes, checksum: 867a29ffbf469b416e410f6c3ab4f18f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo busca levantar questões no intuito de compreender as transformações no PT sob o prisma do financiamento de suas campanhas eleitorais, tendo como hipótese que várias transformações ocorreram no Partido dos Trabalhadores e o custeio de suas campanhas eleitorais não fugiram dessa 'onda' de modificações. A fonte fundamental da coleta dos dados no presente estudo referentes ao financiamento eleitoral dos candidatos do PT (e demais partidos) foi basicamente o site do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Em decorrência do massivo volume de informações disponíveis no TSE e os objetivos a que se propõe esse estudo, optei por eleger alguns estados para possibilitar que a realização do projeto fosse feito sem maiores prejuízos qualitativos. Os estados da Bahia e do Ceará foram escolhidos e para tal considerei as mudanças ocorridas sob o aspecto político eleitoral na última década no dois estados. As transformações na perspectiva de ação e orientação ideológica do Partido dos Trabalhadores parecem ficar evidentes no padrão de financiamento das suas campanhas eleitorais. O financiamento eleitoral petista, nos últimos pleitos parece sinalizar novas práticas político-eleitorais que por sua vez são contraditórias em relação aos princípios históricos do PT. Um dos indicadores dessas transformações é o aumento do volume de financiamento das campanhas eleitorais petistas. A comparação entre o volume de recursos financeiros utilizados pelo PT entre os pleitos de 2002 e 2010 nas disputas eleitorais aponta para uma crescente importância dada a estes, caracterizando um possível processo de monetarização das campanhas petistas / Abstract: This study raises some questions in order to understand the changes in the PT through the prism of the financing of their campaigns, the hypothesis that several changes occurred in the Labor Party and the cost of his did not run this 'wave' of change. The source of data collection in this study regarding the financing of the PT candidates (and other parties) was basically the site the Superior Electoral Court. Due to the massive quantity of the information available on TSE and objectives that are proposed the study, chose to elect some states to allow the completion of study done without further loss of quality. The states of Bahia and Ceará were chosen for this and considered the changes in the political elections in the last decade in two states. The changes in the perspective of action and ideological orientation of the Labor Party seem to be evident in the pattern of financing of their campaigns. The campaign finance PT in the last elections seems to signal new political and electoral practices which in turn are contradictory to the principles of historical PT. One indicator of these changes is the increase financing of election campaigns PT. The comparison between the amount of funds used by the PT between 2002,2006 and 2010 elections in electoral disputes points to a growing importance attached to those characterizing a possible process of monetization campaigns PT / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política