Thirty-two silicone breast implant patients scored in the mild to moderate range of impairment on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. An unusual number of patients had positive tests for antinuclear antibody on immunological testing and a high incidence of EEG abnormalities were found. Personality testing revealed an MMPI profile which is typical for neuropsychologically impaired subjects but components were consistent with extreme emotional distress. None of the subjects were near the cutoff score for malingering or faking bad on the F-K index of the MMPI. There was no apparent relationship between length of exposure and the severity of neurological impairment. Also, explanted subjects performance was not improved when compared to subjects whose implants were still in place.

The Breast Implant Lifetime Study at Virginia Tech, on which this thesis is based, seeks to develop methods and data for predicting the lifetime of saline-filled implants. This research developed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models to evaluate the stresses that are present in the silicone breast implant material under different loading situations. The FEA work was completed using the commercial codes PATRAN and ABAQUS. PATRAN was used for pre- and post-processing, while ABAQUS was used for the actual analysis and to add fluid and contact elements not supported by PATRAN. Many different loading situations and constraints were applied to these models, as well as variations in the material and model properties. Varying the Poisson's ratio of the implant material from 0.45 to 0.49 did not make a significant difference in the results. Changing the elastic modulus of the implant material from the modulus of a Smooth implant to the modulus of a Siltex implant had a noticeable effect on the stress results, increasing the maximum stresses by almost 8%. Changing the modulus of the surrounding tissue had marked effects as well, with stiffer tissue (E=300 psi) decreasing the implant's stresses by about 60% as compared to softer tissue (E=100 psi). A ten percent decrease in implant thickness yielded a 17% average increase in stress experienced by the implant. For both the 2.5" radius and the 4" radius tissue models, using CAX4 elements produced higher overall stresses in the tissue with the same loading conditions. However, in the 2.5" tissue model, the implant itself experienced less stress with the CAX4 tissue than the CAX3 tissue. In the 4" tissue model, the implant experienced more stress when surrounded by the CAX4 tissue elements. These models will be combined with implant fatigue data to develop a life prediction method for the implant membrane. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-117).

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-10T12:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PÉRICLES VITÓRIO SERAFIM FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 2732272 bytes, checksum: f9246e9f76ba0abd4b6bbc275b9d09c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T12:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PÉRICLES VITÓRIO SERAFIM FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 2732272 bytes, checksum: f9246e9f76ba0abd4b6bbc275b9d09c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Os implantes mamários caracterizam-se como dispositivos médicos que são usados para aumentar o tamanho dos seios ou para reconstruir a mama após mastectomia ou corrigir uma anomalia congênita. Sabe-se que desvio no processo produtivo de implantes mamários e o tempo de uso podem reduzir as propriedades do produto final e favorecer risco de agravos à saúde da população. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar as propriedades físicas, químicas, biológicas e mecânicas de próteses mamárias de silicone explantadas. Os parâmetros de avaliação basearam-se na norma NBR 14 760 – 2001. Foram analisadas nove amostras de próteses mamárias de silicone texturizadas, com diferentes tempos de uso e os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Os ensaios de caracterização utilizados foram Microscopia Óptica - MO, Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Coesividade do Gel, Ensaio Mecânico (Resistência a Tração) e Citotoxicidade. No ensaio de MO verificou-se padrões diversos de texturizações para as próteses, mas não foram observadas alterações significativas que comprometesse a qualidade das próteses mamárias, bem como nos espectros de FTIR. Baseado nos resultado obtidos no ensaio de coesividade do gel pode-se afirmar que apenas a amostra C não se encontra em conformidade com a norma International Standard ISO 14607. Nos resultados do Ensaio Mecânico, as amostras A, B, F, G e H encontraram-se em não conformidade com a norma. Os testes de citotoxicidade mostraram que as próteses analisadas estão em conformidade com a norma. Desta forma conclui-se que as amostras A, B, C, F, G e H estão fora dos parâmetros exigidos pelas normas vigentes e que o tempo de uso destas pode ter influenciado nestes resultados, sugerindo-se a continuidade de estudos considerando essa variável. / Breast implants are characterized as medical devices that are used to increase the size of breasts or to reconstruct the breast after mastectomy or to correct a congenital anomaly. It is known that deviations in the production process of breast implants and the use of time can reduce the properties of the final product and favor risk of harm to health. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical properties of silicone breast implants explanted. The evaluation criteria were based on NBR 14 760 - 2001 were analyzed nine samples of textured silicone breast implants with different operating times and the assays were performed in triplicate. Characterization tests used were Microscopy Optica - MO, Infrared Spectroscopy in the Region Fourier Transform (FTIR), cohesiveness gel, Mechanical Test (Tensile Strength) and cytotoxicity. In the MO of study there are several standards for texturing the prosthesis, but no significant changes were observed that could compromise the quality of breast implants, as well as in FTIR spectra. Based on the results obtained in the gel assay cohesiveness, it can be stated that only sample C is not in accordance with International Standard ISO 14607.Nos results of mechanical testing, samples A, B, F, G and H found in noncompliance with the standard. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the prostheses are analyzed in accordance with the standard. Thus it is concluded that the samples A, B, C, F, G and H are out of the parameters required by current standards and that the time of use these may have influenced these results, suggesting continuing studies considering this variable .

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, May, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Esta dissertação trata da construção dos valores acerca do corpo que transforma aspectos estéticos em problemas de saúde física. Com base na pressuposição do compromisso de aliviar o sofrimento o cirurgião plástico busca, dentro do campo da saúde, justificativas para sua atuação. Por outro lado, na aspiração por modelos de beleza socialmente prestigiados há também a procura pela transformação pessoal com a construção e afirmação de papéis sociais, o que contribui para a maior aceitação das intervenções cirúrgicas com finalidade estética. Seguindo tendências estéticas sempre em mutação, observa-se, na atualidade, uma grande demanda por cirurgia plástica para colocação de implantes de silicone com objetivo de aumento mamário. Tomando como recorte a utilização de tais implantes, buscou-se analisar a construção médica e social da beleza e compreender como a procura e a prática da cirurgia plástica estão ligadas a valores controversamente aceitos ou criticados na sociedade contemporânea. / This study treats the construction of values concerning the body which transform aesthetic appearance into physical health troubles. Based on the presupposition of the commitment of relieving the suffering, the plastic surgeon searches for inside the health field to justify his acts. On the other hand, in aspiration for beautiful socially well-known models looking for personal transformation also occurs, with the construction and affirmation of social roles which contributes to the wider acceptance of operations with aesthetic purpose. Following aesthetics trends always in mutations, it was observed in present times a great demand for cosmetics breast augmentation with silicone implants. It was searched to analyze the medical and social constructions of beauty and understand how the search and the practice of plastic surgery are binding to values controversially accepted or criticized in the contemporaries societies.

Esta dissertação trata da construção dos valores acerca do corpo que transforma aspectos estéticos em problemas de saúde física. Com base na pressuposição do compromisso de aliviar o sofrimento o cirurgião plástico busca, dentro do campo da saúde, justificativas para sua atuação. Por outro lado, na aspiração por modelos de beleza socialmente prestigiados há também a procura pela transformação pessoal com a construção e afirmação de papéis sociais, o que contribui para a maior aceitação das intervenções cirúrgicas com finalidade estética. Seguindo tendências estéticas sempre em mutação, observa-se, na atualidade, uma grande demanda por cirurgia plástica para colocação de implantes de silicone com objetivo de aumento mamário. Tomando como recorte a utilização de tais implantes, buscou-se analisar a construção médica e social da beleza e compreender como a procura e a prática da cirurgia plástica estão ligadas a valores controversamente aceitos ou criticados na sociedade contemporânea. / This study treats the construction of values concerning the body which transform aesthetic appearance into physical health troubles. Based on the presupposition of the commitment of relieving the suffering, the plastic surgeon searches for inside the health field to justify his acts. On the other hand, in aspiration for beautiful socially well-known models looking for personal transformation also occurs, with the construction and affirmation of social roles which contributes to the wider acceptance of operations with aesthetic purpose. Following aesthetics trends always in mutations, it was observed in present times a great demand for cosmetics breast augmentation with silicone implants. It was searched to analyze the medical and social constructions of beauty and understand how the search and the practice of plastic surgery are binding to values controversially accepted or criticized in the contemporaries societies.

Bilateral breast augmentation is one of the most common cosmetic surgical procedures carried out on women in the western world. Breast augmentation involves increasing the volume of a woman‘s breasts through surgery by placing a silicone implant in the subglandular or subpectoral cavity. Although a capsule forms inevitably around breast implants as a natural part of healing, it can cause significant morbidity if the capsule becomes firm and contracted, a condition known as breast capsular contracture (BCC). The aetiology of BCC remains unknown however it is characterised by dense fibrocollagenous connective tissue with a local inflammatory response. Host response is influenced by several factors including implant surface texture, chemistry and interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. Texturing holds the implant in place, thus preventing micromotion at the host prosthesis interface. While in smooth surfaces, the implant moves inside the breast, making the fibroblasts repeatedly produce collagen in response to this host-prosthesis shearing motion. In this thesis, the effect of surface characteristics and specific coatings on the cell-surface interaction has been examined on smooth compared to textured surfaces using commercially available breast implants. The properties of breast implants shells have been characterised using confocal laser microscopy, contact angle measurements, confocal Raman spectroscopy and tensile testing. Confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate the topographical features and surface roughness of the implant surfaces. Contact angle measurements were carried out to determine the hydrophobicity of the implant surfaces. Chemical characterisation was carried out recording Raman images and spectra of the implants using confocal Raman spectrometer. The mechanical properties of the breast implant shells were measured via tensile testing. Adhesive interactions of breast-derived fibroblasts with breast implant surfaces were examined in-vitro. For this purpose, the effect of four molecule coatings (aggrecan, collagen I, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid) was evaluated on fibroblast attachment, proliferation, fibroblast morphology, spreading, cytotoxicity and gene expression. Results from in-vitro assays demonstrated cell susceptibility to topography and protein coatings and further showed cytoskeletal re-organisation and modification with specific cell adhesion patterns. Combination of diverse topographies and specific coatings induced differential regulation of the expression of adhesion related genes, such as focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, vinculin, and α-actinin on breast fibroblasts. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated the extent and strength of cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation and differentiation. This is based on the physical interactions between cells and the extracellular environment in the form of topography and on the chemical interactions mediated by specific coatings. Precise characterisation of the silicone breast implant surfaces was achieved. This may play an important role in the development of improved breast implant surfaces with improved qualities leading the development of surfaces that may be less prone to capsular contracture.