M.Fam.Med., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011

Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus),2013. / Introduction HIV positive post natal women on a PMTCT program who have opted for exclusive breastfeeding are experiencing pressures from families to give solids, water based fluids, traditional medicines, and complimentary medicines as early as the first 48 hours of life of a newborn baby. The early feeding practice is in contradiction with the PMTCT recommended six months of exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding Aim The aim of the study was to explore the influence of the family on adherence to exclusive breastfeeding among post natal women on PMTCT programme Objectives of the study were: To explore the influence of the family on adherence to exclusive breastfeeding among women on PMTCT Programme in Extension 8 clinic. To explore the ways in which women on PMTCT programme in Extension 8 clinic deal with the family influences on exclusive breastfeeding. Methodology Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDls) were conducted with post natal women enrolled in the PMTCT program of a community health centre at the Steve Tshwete Local Municipality in Mpumalanga. A focus group guide developed by researcher in English and translated to IsiZulu was used to conduct the FGDS and IDls with 40 HIV positive women who opted for exclusive breastfeeding. A total of five FGDs and seven IDls $J were conducted. . Data analysis The data was analyzed using contents analysis which allowed the categories to emerge from the data. Data analysis began with the verbatim transcription of the transcript in IsiZulu which were later translated into English. This was followed by the identification and definition of emerging themes and the development of a code list. The initial application on themes on the transcripts was done manually to identify themes and subthemes, and new themes that emerged during this process were defined and added to the code list,transcriptswererecoded if a new theme emerged or if a theme was redefined. The fmal code list was adapted from seven codes to thirteen codes. The transcripts were then imported to NVivo 9 and the researcher started applying the codes to the remaining transcripts. Findings The study found that though it was a norm that babies must be given solids, water, traditional, and complementary medicines, most participants adhered to exclusive feeding. Good infant feeding coun~elling, and good knowledge and understanding of MTCT also served as a strong motivation for participants to adhere to their feeding options. The study also found that the family interfered in infant feeding throughout the exclusive breastfeeding life of the babies. Even when families supported exclusive breastfeeding, they still wanted the mother to give solids and water. The data suggest that the concept of exclusive breastfeeding is not well understood by the family and is contextualised as meaning breastfeeding. The data further show that participants had some fears and uncertainties about exclusive breast feeding, and lived in constant fear that they might infect their babies with HIV and that they were starving the babies. In addition, participants had fears of the consequences of delaying and or ignoring cultural practices. Conclusion: The study concludes that the family interfered in infant feeding throughout the exclusive breastfeeding life of the babies. They struggled to understand exclusive breastfeeding concept and expected the mother to give the baby solids and water because it was a norm. Recommendations ~ Given that the family lacks understanding of exclusive breastfeeding, it is recommended that the family be involved in the education and counselling for exclusive infant feeding practices to promote knowledge and understanding ofMTCT ofHIV. Involving the family in PMTCT will also highlight the risks of some of the cultural practices in transmission of HIV to the baby.

The primary objectives of this study were to determine the initiation and prevalence, up to six months post-partum, of breast-feeding amongst Perth women and to identify factors that influence the initiation and duration of breast-feeding. A self-administered baseline questionnaire was completed by 556 mothers prior to discharge. Those mothers who were breast-feeding at the time of completing the baseline questionnaire were followed-up by telephone interview at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 24 weeks postpartum, or until they ceased to breast-feed.In total, 88.1% of mothers commenced breast-feeding whilst in hospital. On discharge from hospital 83.8% of women were breast-feeding either fully (77.7%) or partially (6.1%) but by six months this figure had decreased to 49.9% of mothers breast-feeding.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were associated with the initiation of breast-feeding. There was a strong association between the father's reported preference for breast-feeding and the initiation of breast-feeding (OR=10.18). The Cox's proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the duration of breast-feeding. The factor most strongly associated with breast-feeding duration was intended duration. Women who intended to breast-feed for less than four months were more likely to stop breast-feeding at any time compared with women who intended to breast-feed for at least four months (RR=5.01).The results of this study suggest that breast-feeding initiation and duration rates in Perth have remained relatively stable over the last decade. However, breast-feeding duration continues to fall well short of the target of 80% of infants being either partially or fully breast-fed at six months. Recommendations are made for interventions which actively promote increased breast-feeding duration. In particular, ++ / emphasis should be placed on those strategies which will influence intended duration; influence the attitudes and beliefs of the mother's support network, particularly partners; and promote breast-feeding as the social norm.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-77).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75).

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the subject MIDWIFERY at the UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND / This study was conducted in order to draw a profile of the breast feeding practices of a group of White Johannesburg mothers and to ascertain whether factors such as antenatal preparation and postnatal support could be linked to breast feeding success or failure. For the purpose of this study the breast feeding experience was considered successful if the baby was breast fed for 3 months or more. An interview schedule was drawn up and 200 mothers were interviewed over an eighteen month period when they brought their babies to the Municipal Health Clinic for immunisations. the results of this survey showed that less than 50% of the sample were still breast feeding at 3 months. The profile of the successtul breast feeder that emerged was the following:- English speaking, comes from the higher social class and income bracket. has breast fed a previous baby successfully. (Abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2019

Thesis (PhDNursing)--University of South Australia, 2002.

The incidence and duration of breast feeding were determined via telephone questionnaires from a sample of 95 women who delivered healthy infants during the month of September 1982, in the greater metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon. This sample was limited in that the women were married, predominately white, over 25 years of age, and well-educated. According to the literature, these factors have a positive correlation with the incidence and duration of breast feeding. Consequently, the reported values for the incidence of breast feeding in the hospital of 88 percent and the duration of breast feeding for six months of 44 percent is higher than reported values on a national level. However, the average duration of breast feeding by women who had weaned their babies at the time of this survey (6.2 weeks) is consistent with other studies. The information obtained from the questionnaires was used to measure the association between the incidence of breast feeding and the amount of information women received during their pregnancy; the duration of breast feeding and support system(s); and the relationship between the incidence and duration of breast feeding to the social factors of income, education, age, and race. Chi Square was the statistic used to compare the distribution, of responses among the three subgroups: women who breast fed only, formula fed only, or both breast and formula fed. Significant associations were not observed between the incidence of breast feeding and information or between the duration of breast feeding and support system(s). There was, however, an observed significant association between the incidence of breast feeding and the social factor of income. Additional findings revealed that women most likely to breast feed had themselves been breast fed as a baby, had breast fed their other children, and did not smoke cigarettes. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. / Graduation date: 1983

Breastfeeding is an important public health initiative that has many benefits for mother and baby. Promoting and encouraging breastfeeding is an important role for all health professionals and particularly for midwives who have contact with women during their pregnancy and in the immediate postnatal period. Midwives have a crucial role in providing breastfeeding support and education during the postnatal period. However, little exists in the literature regarding the way midwifery students and graduates develop this role. This thesis investigates factors that impact on the development of breastfeeding support practice for newly graduated midwives. / PhD Doctorate