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In the spirit of the pioneers : historical consciousness, cultural colonialism and Indian/white relations in rural British ColumbiaFurniss, Elizabeth Mary 05 1900 (has links)
This dissertation is an ethnography of the cultural politics of Indian/white
relations in a small, interior British Columbia resource city at the height of land
claims conflict and tensions. Drawing on the theoretical approaches of Nicholas
Thomas (1994) and Raymond Williams (1977, 1980), I show how the power that
reinforces the subordination of aboriginal peoples in Canada is exercised by
'ordinary' rural Euro-Canadians whose cultural attitudes and activities are forces in
an ongoing, contemporary system of colonial domination. In approaching these
issues through in-depth ethnographic research with both the Native and Euro-
Canadian populations and in exploring the dynamics of cultural domination and
resistance at the level of a local, rural community, this dissertation stands as a
unique contribution to the ethnographic study of colonialism and Native/non-
Native relations in Canada.
The dominant Euro-Canadian culture of the region is defined by a complex
of understandings about history, society and identity that is thematically integrated
through the idea of the frontier. At its heart, the frontier complex consists of an
historical epistemology - a Canadian version of the American frontier myth
(Slotkin 1992) - that celebrates the processes through which European explorers
'discovered' and 'conquered' North America and its aboriginal inhabitants, .
Central to this complex is the Indian/white dichotomy, a founding archetype in
Euro-Canadians' symbolic ordering of regional social relations and in their private
and public constructions of collective identity. Also central is the Euro-Canadians'
self-image of benevolent paternalism, an identity that appears repeatedly in
discourses of national history and Native/non-Native relations.
Facets of the frontier complex are expressed in diverse settings: casual
conversations among Euro-Canadians, popular histories, museum displays, political
discourse, public debates about aboriginal land claims, and the town's annual
summer festival. In each setting, these practices contribute to the perpetuation of
relations of inequality between Euro-Canadians and area Shuswap, Tsilhqot'in and
Carrier peoples, and in each setting area Natives are engaging in diverse forms of
resistance. The plurality of these strategies of resistance, rooted in different
cultural identities, biographical experiences and political philosophies, reflects the
creativity in which new forms of resistance are forged and tested in public contexts
of Native/Euro-Canadian interaction. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate
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Forestry workers-- an endangered species : countermovement mobilization on the west coast of Vancouver IslandMauboulès, Céline 05 1900 (has links)
Vancouver Island's old growth temperate rainforest has been the focal point in the
conflict between environmentalists and forestry workers. While a substantial body of
sociological literature exists on participants in the environmental movement (EM), there
is a dearth of literature on participants in anti-environmentalist countermovements.
Share Our Resources of Port Alberni (Share) is a countermovement organization that
emerged to act as a voice for forestry workers and resource dependent communities and
to counter the 'misinformation' being spread by environmentalists. The conflict over
forestry and conservation is fuelled as environmentalists become the "other" against
which Share members mobilize and construct their collective identity - an collective
identity characterized by a core of pro-industry, pro-community and anti-environmental
sentiments.
This thesis addresses two research questions: First, what are the underlying
differences between members of the two movements with respect to their socio-demographics,
values, networks, and collective identities? Second, if certain factors are
important in explaining identification with the EM, then what factors are important in
explaining identification with Share.
Using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, three sources of
data are analyzed: self-administered questionnaires sent to both Share (N=129) and EM
members (N=381); and a telephone survey of the general public of Port Alberni (N=100).
My results show that Share respondents are predominantly older, working class men
employed in the forest industry without a great deal of formal education. Share members
more highly value anthropocentrism and are more politically conservative. Identification
with the forest industry is the strongest and most significant predictor of identification
with Share. The most theoretically interesting and surprising finding is that out-group
ties or ties to environmentalists, is a positive and statistically significant predictor of
identification with Share. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate
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The Deconstruction and ‘Re-Representation’ of First Nations People in Social Studies Education : The Dialectic of ‘Voice’ as an Epistemological Tool for ChangeDillabough, Jo-Anne January 1996 (has links)
Note:
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Education, training, and non-metropolitan developmentCourtney, Lyle George 11 1900 (has links)
Many non-metropolitan areas in British Columbia experienced chronic instability in the resource extraction
economy on which they traditionally relied. Beginning in the early 1980s, shifts in employment and the
organization of work led to persistent socioeconomic turbulence. Despite the range of development, education,
and training programmes available, efforts to return these regions to stability had only sporadic success. In the
late 1980s, policy reviews led to the introduction of initiatives for greater local self-direction over development,
complemented by partnering in programme delivery, and shifts in educational funding towards targeted groups.
This study examines certain interactions between post-secondary education and development programmes
in non-metropolitan British Columbia from 1980 to 1996. Using a living systems view, and drawing on studies
in geography and adult education, a model of resources needed by outlying regions for successful development
was constructed. The model was used to examine socioeconomic changes, policy changes designed to foster
sustainable development, and shifts in emphasis in post-secondary education and training programmes, as they
affected the study areas. The main conclusions were: (1) there were distinct socioeconomic differences among
non-metropolitan regions; (2) in some, significant internal migration resulted in opportunities to create new
work, and so achieve more self-directed development, and (3) the implementation of local sustainability and
partnering did not reach levels expected, in part due to contradictory demands for innovation and cost cutting.
Supporting evidence was derived from combining (a) an extensive review of census indicators over the
province and in four selected case study regions, with (b) a series of some 100 semi-structured interviews with
resident stakeholders who were involved in directing, managing, and delivering educational, training and
community development services, and (c) a review of contemporary socioeconomic plans and profiles. The
empirical data was analyzed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, which featured the
application of principles of grounded theory and the method of triangulation, widely used in social sciences.
Case study communities were those that were successfully returning to stability by means of the benefits
flowing from internal migration combined with opportunities to create new work. The methods of investigation
developed here can be applied to other situations where communities are trying to change their prospects from
within. The living systems view is appropriate for broadly-based research into local community development.
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Between justice and certainty : treaty making in modern-day British ColumbiaWoolford, Andrew 11 1900 (has links)
The British Columbia Treaty Process was established in 1992 with the aim of resolving
the outstanding land claims of First Nations in B.C. Since that time, two discourses have been
prevalent within the treaty negotiations taking place between First Nations and the governments
of Canada and British Columbia. The first, that of justice, revolves around the question of how
to remedy the past injustices that were imposed on B.C.'s First Nations so as to improve their
current circumstances. The second, that of certainty, asks whether this historical repair can
occur without significantly disrupting the social order, and whether it can be done in a manner
that provides a better future for all British Columbians. Each discourse, as it unfolds in the
negotiation process, is characterized by competing visions of what justice and certainty should
mean. This thesis examines the interplay between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal visions of
justice and certainty and queries: is there a space between justice and certainty in which modern
treaties can be made? On the basis of interviews, fieldwork, and a document analysis of treatyrelated
materials, I argue that the B.C. Treaty Process, as it currently stands, fails to provide a
reliable means for the parties to negotiate 'between justice and certainty'. In particular, the
procedural model on which the B.C. Treaty Process is built lacks clear substantive guidelines,
leaving it susceptible to the manipulations and 'symbolic violence' of the more powerful parties
- i.e. the provincial and federal governments. This has resulted in negotiations that are defined
by the visions of justice and certainty forwarded by the non-Aboriginal governments, visions
which prioritize the economic and political interests of business and government over a serious
reckoning with the past. These 'affirmative reparations' render justice equivalent to achieving
certainty in the form of clear and stable business and governance relations between Aboriginal
and non-Aboriginal peoples. In opposition to this affirmative perspective, I argue that the
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples, which sharply contrasts with First Nations' demands
that non-Aboriginal governments provide a forthright acknowledgement of and apology for
infringement on Aboriginal rights and title, significant monetary compensation and land
restitution, and recognition of broad powers of Aboriginal self-governance. However, these First
Nation justice demands do not meet the economic and political imperatives of neoliberal
globalization, and it is on the basis of these broader societal forces that the non-Aboriginal
government vision of certainty rests. For them, 'rational' and certain settlements need to be
forged through treaty-making to ensure the ability of governments and businesses to operate
efficiently in the global marketplace. In opposition to this affirmative perspective, I argue that
the negotiation process needs to be redesigned so that the symbolic and material justice demands
of First Nations form the basis for treaty-making. Unless the B.C. Treaty Process opens itself to
the possibility of transformative justice contained within these demands - that is, to a justice that
reconfigures symbolic, political and economic relationships between Aboriginal and non-
Aboriginal peoples - the certainty desired by non-Aboriginal governments and businesses is
unlikely to prevail. Indeed, the economic and political assimilation that is attempted through
affirmative repair is more likely to lead to future conflict than to the trust and mutual respect
between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal societies necessary for certainty to be realized.
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A qualitative analysis of native child welfare : an identification of the cultural and structural dimensions of proposed Musqueam Idnidan Band family and child servicesKuperis, Stanley Ronald January 1990 (has links)
The Musqueam Indian band has no formal child welfare agreement with the province of British Columbia. Recently the Musqueam Indian Band has expressed a desire to work towards developing community based child and family services on reserve. This research examines the historical factors as well as contemporary factors relating to child welfare at the Musqueam Indian Band. This research utilized a qualitative research paradigm to identify the specific community dimensions that would be the basis for autonomous family and child services at the band. This study identifies the importance of kinship, linguistic, geographic, religious, experimental and contemporary dimensions within the Musqueam community. This study goes on to provide policy and program recommendations for culturally specific family and child services at the band. This research will be incorporated into a funding proposal put forward to the provincial government for programs and services at the Musqueam Indian Band. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate
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Between justice and certainty : treaty making in modern-day British ColumbiaWoolford, Andrew 11 1900 (has links)
The British Columbia Treaty Process was established in 1992 with the aim of resolving
the outstanding land claims of First Nations in B.C. Since that time, two discourses have been
prevalent within the treaty negotiations taking place between First Nations and the governments
of Canada and British Columbia. The first, that of justice, revolves around the question of how
to remedy the past injustices that were imposed on B.C.'s First Nations so as to improve their
current circumstances. The second, that of certainty, asks whether this historical repair can
occur without significantly disrupting the social order, and whether it can be done in a manner
that provides a better future for all British Columbians. Each discourse, as it unfolds in the
negotiation process, is characterized by competing visions of what justice and certainty should
mean. This thesis examines the interplay between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal visions of
justice and certainty and queries: is there a space between justice and certainty in which modern
treaties can be made? On the basis of interviews, fieldwork, and a document analysis of treatyrelated
materials, I argue that the B.C. Treaty Process, as it currently stands, fails to provide a
reliable means for the parties to negotiate 'between justice and certainty'. In particular, the
procedural model on which the B.C. Treaty Process is built lacks clear substantive guidelines,
leaving it susceptible to the manipulations and 'symbolic violence' of the more powerful parties
- i.e. the provincial and federal governments. This has resulted in negotiations that are defined
by the visions of justice and certainty forwarded by the non-Aboriginal governments, visions
which prioritize the economic and political interests of business and government over a serious
reckoning with the past. These 'affirmative reparations' render justice equivalent to achieving
certainty in the form of clear and stable business and governance relations between Aboriginal
and non-Aboriginal peoples. In opposition to this affirmative perspective, I argue that the
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples, which sharply contrasts with First Nations' demands
that non-Aboriginal governments provide a forthright acknowledgement of and apology for
infringement on Aboriginal rights and title, significant monetary compensation and land
restitution, and recognition of broad powers of Aboriginal self-governance. However, these First
Nation justice demands do not meet the economic and political imperatives of neoliberal
globalization, and it is on the basis of these broader societal forces that the non-Aboriginal
government vision of certainty rests. For them, 'rational' and certain settlements need to be
forged through treaty-making to ensure the ability of governments and businesses to operate
efficiently in the global marketplace. In opposition to this affirmative perspective, I argue that
the negotiation process needs to be redesigned so that the symbolic and material justice demands
of First Nations form the basis for treaty-making. Unless the B.C. Treaty Process opens itself to
the possibility of transformative justice contained within these demands - that is, to a justice that
reconfigures symbolic, political and economic relationships between Aboriginal and non-
Aboriginal peoples - the certainty desired by non-Aboriginal governments and businesses is
unlikely to prevail. Indeed, the economic and political assimilation that is attempted through
affirmative repair is more likely to lead to future conflict than to the trust and mutual respect
between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal societies necessary for certainty to be realized. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate
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Education, training, and non-metropolitan developmentCourtney, Lyle George 11 1900 (has links)
Many non-metropolitan areas in British Columbia experienced chronic instability in the resource extraction
economy on which they traditionally relied. Beginning in the early 1980s, shifts in employment and the
organization of work led to persistent socioeconomic turbulence. Despite the range of development, education,
and training programmes available, efforts to return these regions to stability had only sporadic success. In the
late 1980s, policy reviews led to the introduction of initiatives for greater local self-direction over development,
complemented by partnering in programme delivery, and shifts in educational funding towards targeted groups.
This study examines certain interactions between post-secondary education and development programmes
in non-metropolitan British Columbia from 1980 to 1996. Using a living systems view, and drawing on studies
in geography and adult education, a model of resources needed by outlying regions for successful development
was constructed. The model was used to examine socioeconomic changes, policy changes designed to foster
sustainable development, and shifts in emphasis in post-secondary education and training programmes, as they
affected the study areas. The main conclusions were: (1) there were distinct socioeconomic differences among
non-metropolitan regions; (2) in some, significant internal migration resulted in opportunities to create new
work, and so achieve more self-directed development, and (3) the implementation of local sustainability and
partnering did not reach levels expected, in part due to contradictory demands for innovation and cost cutting.
Supporting evidence was derived from combining (a) an extensive review of census indicators over the
province and in four selected case study regions, with (b) a series of some 100 semi-structured interviews with
resident stakeholders who were involved in directing, managing, and delivering educational, training and
community development services, and (c) a review of contemporary socioeconomic plans and profiles. The
empirical data was analyzed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, which featured the
application of principles of grounded theory and the method of triangulation, widely used in social sciences.
Case study communities were those that were successfully returning to stability by means of the benefits
flowing from internal migration combined with opportunities to create new work. The methods of investigation
developed here can be applied to other situations where communities are trying to change their prospects from
within. The living systems view is appropriate for broadly-based research into local community development. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate
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