The structure and catalytic aspects of tungsten bronzes have been considered. A series of potassium tungsten bronzes, KxW03, 0.05 =< x =< 0.8, and the corresponding series of sodium tungsten bronzes, NaxW03, 0.05 =< x =< 0.8 were prepared by a thermal method. The thermal stability of the prepared samples was studied in the presence of both an oxidising and a reducing gas. The number and strength of acid sites present on the bronzes was studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. Xps, xrd and electrical resistivity measurements gave information about the bulk and surface properties of the bronzes. The activity of the tungsten bronzes for isopropanol decomposition and propene metathesis was investigated. In addition, a silica-supported tungsten bronze and a copper-potassium tungsten bronze, CUyKxW03, were prepared. Their structures and catalytic values were considered.

This thesis examines the theory behind workshops, including craft specialisation, and presents a catalogue of workshops and activity areas in the Aegean from the Neolithic to the end of the Protopalatial period. No systematic procedure for analysing and classifying workshops has been used or proposed previously. The main aim of this thesis is to develop a method by which loci suggested to be workshops may be analysed, with a view to ascertaining whether this identification is correct. Following on from this, a further objective is to formulate a means of classifying the information to determine the type of working area and the degree of certainty with which it may be called a workshop or activity area. This method will be used in the compilation of the catalogue. For a comprehensive study of workshops, two main theoretical issues are considered in Volume I. Firstly, the theory of craft specialisation, integral to the study and definition of workshops, is examined. Its definition, features, associated aspects and connection with workshops are researched. Secondly, a theoretical study of the possible varieties of workshops and their likely locations, products, and consumers provides a basis for the following examination of actual loci within the Aegean. In Volume II a catalogue of working areas in the Aegean is presented, which also includes other craft-related loci: craftsman's graves, hoards and mines. The method for analysis is employed extensively throughout the catalogue to reinterpret areas previously suggested to be workshops or activity areas. New classifications are suggested for many loci. It is concluded that the proposed method is successful in achieving the aims for which it was developed.

No description available.

This work traces the Maltese Islands' forest history. In prehistoric time the flora changed accordingly to climatic oscillations. The first people of Malta were Neolithic. Their forest clearance and the drying up of the climate led to population collapse. After a period of time, the forest may have recovered allowing colonisation by a Bronze Age people. The Classical Era where Malta's vegetation was changed and arable agriculture prevailed following this. Olive industry finds dating from the Roman period reveal that olive cultivation was widespread. The Arab period saw the depopulation of the Islands allowing forest recovery to take place. The medieval period saw large areas turned to pasture. Grazing reduced the forest to much garrigue-steppe. Later land enclosure for arable agriculture prepared the way for Malta's traditional landscape with cotton cultivation becoming predominant. During the Knights of St. John period (1530-1798), Buskett and other gardens were established. Documentation reveals the survival of holm oak remnants at Buskett and Wied Hazrum. Drawings of the time depict trees near buildings. There also exists a mid-17^th century description of Gozo's vegetation and a tree name list from the 18^thcentury. In the mid-18^th century a project for the widespread cultivation of white mulberries was made. In 1798 the French occupation began, although soon the Maltese rebelled. The revolt lasted two years, during which many gardens were devastated. Reconstruction took up most of the 19^th century. Agricultural expansion left little space for trees in the landscape, creating a treelessness paradigm in the people's culture, although 20^th century tree planting is changing this thus Malta is becoming greener.

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Fachbereich Altertumswissenschaften--Freie Universität Berlin, 1988.

Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--London university, 1988. / Bibliogr. p. 154-167.

Doct. diss.--Göteborg, 1993.

Constitue la 1ère partie de : Diss. : Geschichtswissenschaften : Frankfurt am Main : 1974. / Bibliogr. p. 299-307. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1929. / Thesis note as foot-note on p. [1]. Vita on label mounted on blank leaf at end. "Reprinted from the Canadian mining and metallurgical bulletin of January 1929." Cover title. Bibliography: p. 7-9.

Diss.-Heidelberg, 1963. / Bibliography: p. 53-57.