Judith Butler’s theory of performativity can be productively used to analyse how identity at burial would have been created, sustained and rendered coherent through extended periods of time. Moreover, Heideggerean phenomenology offers us insights into the mechanism underlying the process of performing an identity. Using mortuary data from Shang and Zhou burials, I offer (a) an analysis of how the identity of the deceased might have been (re)constructed and (re)produced through structured burial deposits as well as (b) a Heideggerean account of the heritage inherent in the sets of bronze objects interred in graves. These sets of bronze objects would have been used in a performance within the mortuary sphere as part of an elaborate but recognisable process of producing an identity for a tomb occupant. Furthermore, a gendered identity would have also been reified and materialised through burial assemblages. These post-processual analyses might be taken as examples that can be generalised to a method for further investigating other identities, and the processes underlying their production and reproduction, that Chinese archaeologists theorising burials and identity may use to advance the field.

In this thesis I focus on mining and smelting in China during the Shang and Western Zhou periods (c. 2200-770 B.C.). The importance of bronze in Shang and Zhou society and the vast quantity of bronze artifacts recovered indicates that the acquisition of metal ore would have been a major occupation of the state. The Shang and Zhou governments controlled their own bronze foundries but did not control the mines. The mines are located in southern China where the Chu state flourished during the Eastern Zhou period, likely due partly to their possession of mineral resources, and in Inner Mongolia where the steppe cultures existed. The Zhou and the Shang were likely obtaining raw materials from southern and northern cultures, either through trade or raid. Provenance studies based on chemical composition of artifact and ore will help resolve the source of Shang and Zhou ore.

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Yau, Charlotte Ping Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-264). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; includes Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / ackowledgements --- p.iv / list of figures & tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- the discovery of bronze age cultures in hong kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "Social Complexity, Specialization, and Standardization" --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Pottery Analysis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The Debates: Chronology and Social Structure in Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.21 / Chapter chapter 2 --- research objectives and methodology --- p.24 / Objectives --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Unit of Analysis: Pottery Sherds --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Double-F Pottery of Hong Kong --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- "The Double-F Pottery of Boluo County, Guangdong Province" --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- How the Double-F is Studied Here --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Other Potsherds --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Hard Geometric Pottery - the Lozenge-patterned --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Coarse Pottery - the Cord-marked --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chronology of the Potsherds --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Stratigraphy --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Typological Sequences --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Measurements --- p.43 / Chapter chapter 3 --- "potsherds found in tai wan, Lamma island" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Burials and Activity Area --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Bronze Artifacts --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- "Stone Artifacts: Tools, Slotted Rings" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Axe Molds --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Tai Wan --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds of Father Finn's Collection --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Tai Wan --- p.74 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "potsherds found in sha po new village, lamma island" --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Features: Post-holes --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Stone and Bronze Artifacts --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Sha Po New Village --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned and the Cord-marked --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Lozenge-patterned Pottery Sherds --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Cord-marked Pottery Sherds --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Sha Po New Village --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "potsherds found in sha ha, sai kung" --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Features: Burials, Post-holes, Ritual Site, and Stone Tool Workshop" --- p.119 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.123 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Stone and Bronze Artifacts --- p.126 / Chapter 5.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Sha Ha --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned and the Cord-marked --- p.140 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- The Lozenge-patterned Pottery Sherds --- p.141 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- The Cord-marked Pottery Sherds --- p.146 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Sha Ha --- p.150 / Chapter chapter 6 --- comparison and analysis --- p.166 / Chapter 6.1 --- "Similarities and Differences between the Double-F, the Lozenge-patterned, and the Cord-marked" --- p.166 / Chapter 6.2 --- Common Aspects and Differences Observed in the Double-F Styles and Manufacturing Technology --- p.168 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Intra-regional Comparison: Tai Wan vs. Sha Po New Village --- p.175 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Skill Levels --- p.175 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Coefficient of Variation and Individual Potsherd Comparison --- p.178 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Cluster Analysis Results --- p.185 / Chapter 6.4 --- "The Inter-regional Comparison: Sha Ha, Sha Po New Village, and Tai Wan" --- p.187 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Skill Levels --- p.187 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Coefficient of Variation and Individual Potsherd Comparison --- p.189 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Cluster Analysis Results --- p.197 / Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion: Pottery Production in Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.201 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.208 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- "special samples - inference on production, organization, and potters' skills" --- p.211 / Chapter 7.1 --- The Firing Technology --- p.211 / Chapter 7.2 --- "Difficulty in Applying the ""Perfect"" Double F: Overlaps" --- p.217 / Chapter 7.3 --- Apprenticeship? Experimentation? Trial and Error? --- p.221 / Chapter 7.4 --- Manufacturing Skills as Seen through Complete Vessels --- p.230 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.234 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- conclusion： was there hierarchy? --- p.236 / Chapter 8.1 --- Society in the Bronze Age --- p.236 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Subsistence Strategies --- p.237 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Pottery Production --- p.238 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Social Organization as Seen through Burials and Artifacts --- p.241 / Chapter 8.2 --- Remarks: the Social Structure of Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.245 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- How Socially Significant was the Double-F --- p.244 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- There was Exchange but what about Trade? --- p.249 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Was there Social Complexity in Bronze Age Hong Kong? --- p.250 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- Closing Thoughts --- p.255 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.259

代麗鵑. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-276) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Dai Lijuan.