<p>In this thesis a systematic comparative study is made between Chih-i's thought and the Madhyamika. The study is a response to a basic problem that can be formulated as follows. Indian Madhyamika influenced the development of Chinese Buddhism amply and deeply. Chih-i, the founder of the Chinese T'ien-t'ai school, had a close relationship with the Madhyamika tradition textually and theoretically. However, in his classification of the Buddhist doctrines, he regarded the Madhyamika as "Common Doctrine" and theoretically lower than his "Perfect Doctrine". Here, then, are our questions:</p> <p>1. Why is Chih-i not satisfied with Madhyamika thought?</p> <p>2. Why does he advocate the Perfect Doctrine?</p> <p>Our study shows that these questions are mainly concerned with the understanding of Truth and its realization. For Chih-i, the Madhyamika Truth (termed Emptiness or the Middle Way) lacked permanence, function and all-embracing nature; the Truth explicated in the Perfect Doctrine (termed the Middle Way - Buddha Nature) is permanent, functional and all-embracing. With regard to the realization of the Truth, Chih-i mainly points out that in the Madhyamika, the Truth is attained in the extirpation of defilements, while in the Perfect Doctrine, the Truth can be attained in making use of defilements. Chih-i obviously advocates that Truth should be permanent, functional and all-embracing, and that it is better to realize Truth in the midst of defilements than by eliminating them.</p> <p>It is hoped that the study of these questions will enhance our understanding of Chih-i's thought in light of its relation to the Madhyarnika as well as our understanding of the essence of the Madhyamika as viewed by Chih-i. We shall consequently be able to see how a Chinese thinker absorbed Indian Buddhist doctrines, developed them, and eventually built up a great Buddhist school in a distinct, Chinese style.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>This dissertation contains four sections including an introduction, the translation of two texts -- the Manicudavadana from the Mahajjhatakamala and from Ksemendra's Avadanakalpalata, a discussion of Maicuda's many roles in other Buddhist texts, and an analysis of Manlcuda's act of dana.</p> <p>The first chapter deals with relevant scholarship on the texts to date. It generally introduces what scholars have done on the Manicudavadana. The next focus of this chapter is on the transmission and development of the Manicudavadana. Chapter 2 contains two translations of Manicuda story. The next section, Chapter 3, is mainly concerned with the variety of the texts on Manicuda that exist outside India and are found today in the Chinese Tripi taka. This "larger" picture of the Manicuda story points out the significance of different roles that Manicuda played. Chapter 4 discusses Manicuda's well-known heroic action, selfless giving, or dana. It could be considered "sin-expiation", etc., but another consideration of this action is given. I seek to understand this deed as the first stage (bhumi) of a Bodhisattva's spiritual journey toward the highest enlightenment. He must symbolically die, in order to be reborn on a higher level in his progress on the Bodhisattva path. The sacrifice of Manicuda in this interpretation is a kind of initiatory ritual.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

劉達政. / 手鈔本. / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學, 1973. / 附參考文獻. / Shou chao ben. / Liu Dazheng. / Fu can kao wen xian. / Lun wen (shuo shi) -- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1973. / 第一部分 / Chapter 一 --- 导言 / Chapter 二 --- 略论佛教的中心思想及其在中國的发展 / Chapter 三 --- 香港佛教對共产主义的看法 / Chapter 四 --- 香港佛教所屬宗派 / 第二部分 / Chapter 五 --- 几个推动佛教事业的人物 / Chapter 六 --- 香港僧人領袖的政治立场、工作 / 第三部分 / Chapter 七 --- 香港佛教十年來梗概 / Chapter 八 --- 香港佛教面臨的重大問題 / Chapter 九 --- 解決問題的工作方向 / 第四部份 / Chapter 十 --- 追求新的弘法方法 / Chapter 十一 --- 教育事业 / Chapter 十二 --- 香港佛教办社會福利事业的主要目的 / Chapter 十三 --- 香港佛教的青年工作 / Chapter 十四 --- 籌办國际性佛教銀行的倡议 / Chapter 十五 --- 香港佛教十年來最大功´业ؤ佛教医院的創立经过 / 第五部分 / Chapter 十六 --- 僧人美滿的生活与患得患失的心情 / Chapter 十七 --- 普通僧人（经懺鬼）的谋生方式 / Chapter 十八 --- 從僧衣、电影的辯論看僧人在香港社会的侷促 / Chapter 十九 --- 再談佛教適應香港社會的其它問題 / Chapter 二十 --- 后言 / Chapter 附錄 / Chapter 二十一 --- 我怎樣看舊中國的宗教？ / 參攷書 / 無虛　佛法在原子时代 / 慧舟等　佛教仪式須知 / Chapter （六） --- 有關通俗經文方面（各大廟宇派送） / 天后元君救苦救難真經 / 北斗消災延壽真經 / 玉皇玄關真經 / 關帝明聖經诵本、注本

This paper examined the difference of enterprise which is operated by .a Buddhist or not. The main fundation of thesis is Buddhism doctrine and ¡§kind with wisdom¡¨ is the framework. We interview the CEO of erterprise and investigate employees to make some conclusion ¡G 1.The Buddhism doctrine influence the operation of enterprise with some aspect such like¡Gdo works of charity¡Bpeace and follow the middle course¡Bkind and altruistic and six sail across a sea. 2. The Buddhism doctrine also influence the employees¡¦ perception and enterprise culture with some aspect such like¡Gthe decision process¡Bregular religious activities¡Bthe middle level directors are also Buddhists¡Bthe office of the CEO with Buddhists has Buddhism ¡¥s atmosphere. And the erterprise with Buddhists operate get higher scores in these five scopes. 3.The features ¡§kind with wisdom ¡§affects the erterprise with Buddhists operate in some aspect such like¡Gorganization behavior¡Boperation belief¡Boperation style¡Bdisseminate Buddhist doctrine. 4.Comparing with Janan¡¦s enterprise, the Buddhism influence them much more than Taiwan. And the influence of Buddhism in Taiwan¡¦s enterprise was showed in quantity more than quality. 5.The principle of ¡§kind with wisdom¡¨ can also be applied to enterprise operation, the enter society behavior of enterprise operation could also develop the spirit of renouncing the world.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of History

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

This thesis summarily examines the concepts of moment, momentariness (ksanikavada) and impermanence (anitya) in Indian Buddhism, especially in the influential treatises produced by Vasubandhu (fifth century A.D.) An expose of impermanence and momentariness is at once a fair picture of the religious philosophy that mostly was Indian Buddhism--a religion appropriate on the philosophical level.

Thesis (M.A.)--Simon Greenleaf School of Law, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 339-342).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-110)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed 26 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Studies in Religion, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.