Texte remanié de: Proefschrift--Letteren--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1989. / Titre de couv. : Een haan in oorlog : Toloqna Arung Labuaja : een Buginees heldendicht. Contient le texte du manuscrit de "Toloqna Arung Labuaja" en bugis et en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 356-367. Lexique.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1955. / "Stellingen" (3 p.) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-324).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1955. / "Stellingen" (3 p.) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-324).

Background: The delivery of an aerosol via a tracheostomy tube has been previously described with both a tracheostomy collar and a T-piece, but not with a Wright mask, or aerosol mask. The primary purpose of this study was to quantify lung doses using different interfaces: tracheostomy collar, Wright mask, and aerosol mask. The secondary purposes were to compare albuterol delivery between an opened vs. a closed fenestration hole and also to determine the effect of inspiratory time:expiratory time (I:E) ratio on aerosol delivery. Methods: A teaching mannequin (Medical Plastic Labs, Gatesville, TX) with a tracheostomy opening was used. Two of the mannequin's bronchi were connected to a "Y" adaptor, which was attached to a collecting filter (Respirgard ™ II 303, Vital Signs, Englewood, CO), which was connected to a breathing simulator (Harvard Apparatus Dual Phase Control Respirator Pump, Holliston, MA) through a corrugated tube. Settings for spontaneous breathing were respiratory rate 20/min, and tidal volume 400 mL. The I:E ratios were adjusted in the first and second comparisons at 2:1 and 1:2, respectively. The nebulizer was operated by a flow meter (Timemeter, St. Louis, MO) at 8 L/min with 100% oxygen. In every condition, the flow was discontinued at the end of nebulization. The nebulizer was attached to the tracheostomy collar (AirLife™, Cardinal Health, McGaw Park, IL) in the first group, the Wright mask (Wright Solutions LLC, Marathon, FL) in the second group, and the aerosol mask (AirLife™, Cardinal Health, McGaw, IL) in the third group. Drug was eluted from the filter and analyzed by spectrophotometry (276 nm). Data Analysis: Paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc and pairwise comparisons were performed at the significance level of .05, using PASW version 18.0. Results: Aerosol delivery was greater with the tracheostomy collar than the Wright mask and aerosol mask (p < .05). Closing the fenestration hole increased aerosol deposition significantly at 2:1 ratio (p = .04) compared to opening the fenestration at 1:2 ratio. I:E ratio and aerosol delivery were directly related. Increasing I:E ratio from 1:2 to 2:1 improved aerosol delivery significantly with tracheostomy collar-fenestration opened (p = .009), Wright mask (p = .02) and aerosol mask (p = .01). Conclusion: This study indicates that the use of a tracheostomy collar is the best method of delivering aerosol therapy among the three interfaces. The I:E ratio of 2:1 caused greater aerosol deposition than 1:2 ratio. The aerosol deposition was better when the fenestration hole was closed compared with opened fenestration.

This thesis is an ethnography of Bugis marriage. It is concerned with aspects of gender, sexuality and marriage in a bilateral, highly competitive, hierarchical society. ¶ I examine the fundamental concept of siri’ in relation to gender socialisation, courtship, the importance of kinship and status in marriage, how sexuality is regulated between the sexes, sex within marriage, and the dynamics of marriage, divorce, and reconciliation. The analysis considers how Islam combines with local custom (adat) in everyday practices, and how Bugis cultural specificities are affected within the national ideology of contemporary Indonesia. ¶ This ethnography explores an interpretation of Bugis social and sexual experience through examination of the construction of gender identities and how they are manifested in marriage. The thesis explores the complementarity of gender for the Bugis. Despite the ideal of feminine passivity, I demonstrate that women exercise agency in a number of circumstances, including how they manage the sexuality of their husbands, defending siri’, the arrangement of marriage, remarrying, money management, divorce, and violent situations. I also examine the practices of illegal marriage (kawin liar) and illegal divorce (cerai liar) at local and personal levels. I analyse local and national debates on the legitimation of what is popularly known in Indonesia as ‘marriage based on religion’ (nikah secara agama) as part of the examination of Bugis marriage and marital relations. ¶ My thesis contributes to the understanding of Bugis notions of sexuality, gender and social location, and how these interact with siri’. I explore how and why violence occurs within marriage. I use a combination of informal interviews, participant observation and focus group discussions as well textual analysis of traditional manuscripts and incorporation of oral traditions.