Orientador: Ariovaldo Denis Granja / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacomit_AnaMitsuko_M.pdf: 4974584 bytes, checksum: d46b1201e1454c94bf14054771830ca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Proposta: O setor da construção civil está associado, mundialmente, a elevados índices de desperdício - das mais diversas naturezas - ou de custos desnecessários, ou seja, custos que não estão associados a nenhuma função que represente valor para o cliente ou para o processo produtivo. A eliminação destes custos é o principal objetivo da engenharia de valor e da mentalidade enxuta, que formam a base do custeio-meta. O custeio-meta, um sistema que auxilia o gerenciamento de lucros através do gerenciamento proativo dos custos, atua de forma integrada ao Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP), determinando metas (de custo, funcionalidade e qualidade) que irão nortear o processo de projeto. Ele é amplamente utilizado na manufatura, entretanto, a sua aplicação na construção, especificamente no sub-setor de edificações, ainda levanta controvérsias e carece de um método que auxilie a sua implementação. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de processos para incorporação do custeio-meta ao PDP em edificações. Método de pesquisa/Abordagens: Esta pesquisa é composta de duas fases. A primeira delas é constituída por dois estudos de caso exploratórios conduzidos no ambiente da manufatura e de um estudo de caso exploratório no sub-setor de edificações. A segunda parte é composta por outros três estudos, ainda exploratórios, no contexto de edificações. Resultados: O principal produto da pesquisa é um modelo que permite a visualização dos processos, atividades e ferramentas auxiliares necessários para a incorporação do custeio-meta ao PDP em edificações. Adicionalmente, são identificadas características intervenientes que aumentam a aplicabilidade do custeio-meta, a diminuem e que direcionam a forma como ele é aplicado. Desta forma, elas possibilitam o prognóstico de oportunidades e barreiras para a aplicação do custeio-meta em cada contexto. Contribuições/Originalidade: O trabalho contribui para o fomento de discussões sobre formas alternativas de se desenvolver produtos e gerenciar custos na construção civil / Abstract: Proposal: The construction industry is associated worldwide with high rates of waste - of diverse natures - or unnecessary costs, i.e. costs that are not associated with any function that represents value to the customers or the production process. The elimination of these costs is the main goal of value engineering and lean thinking, which are key concepts behind target costing. Target costing, a system that helps companies to manage costs through proactive cost management, works in parallel to the Product Development Process (PDP), introducing cost, functionality and quality goals to the project. It is widely applied in manufacturing; meanwhile, its application in construction, specifically in the buildings sector, is still raising controversy and lacks a specific method to assist its implementation. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop a model to assist target costing implementation in the building sector. Research Method/Approach: This research consists of two phases. The first consists of two exploratory case studies conducted in the manufacturing environment and of an exploratory case study in the buildings sector. The second phase consists of three other case studies in the buildings sector, still exploratory. Results: The main product of this work is a tentative model that provides a graphic display of the main activities, processes and tools necessary to implement target costing. Additionally, it was identified characteristics that increase the applicability of target costing, decrease it and that direct how it is applied. Thus, they allow the prediction of opportunities and barriers for target costing implementation in the analyzed contexts. Contributions/Originality: The work contributes to the promotion of discussion about alternative ways of developing products and managing costs in construction / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The subject of my Master’s thesis is the variant redevelopment of level crossings I/45 and I/11 nearby bus terminal in Bruntál in Moravian-Silesian region. The current design isn’t well arranged and the crossroad is place of frequent traffic accidents. There are four solutions of existing crossroad. In the frame of variants, there is a different manner of solution of structural layout of crossroad, possibility of connection of shopping center and solution of pedestrian traffic. The thesis includes traffic survey, evaluation of accidents, capacity analysis of existing crossroad and four new solutions and estimate of building costs.

<p>This dissertation focuses on the creation of a paradigm shift in building innovation. Challenges in achieving building energy-efficiency at scale highlight the complexity of the building performance problem, which is embedded with social, cultural, physical, environmental, and economic factors. Traditional approaches to building design have difficulty accounting for these multi-faceted variables and related longitudinal barriers and intangible impacts. Firstly, key stakeholders and their economic constraints change throughout time, and this variability is not traditionally considered upfront or addressed throughout a building’s operation. Secondly, buildings have social, cultural, environmental and economic implications that are difficult to quantify and evaluate against strictly functional design objectives. Therefore, current deeply technical and often system-specific building design strategies could benefit from whole-building solutions that account for this complexity and enable a paradigm shift in design toward human-centered outcomes (i.e., well-being, health, financial sustainability) and effective (i.e., equitable and sustainable) buildings. </p> <p>To drive this shift, an impact-based innovation framework was employed to pursue system-level and ecosystem-level strategies to optimize longitudinal building value assessment and distribution. First, a grounded theory study was pursued which identified gaps in current design practice that miss underlying building subsystem interactions which influence building performance. A system-level taxonomy of the building was then defined, linking identified sub-system synergies to functional, emotional and social building benefits for inhabitants. Then, an exploratory mixed-methods study was pursued, yielding a longitudinal building value framework that helps characterize key stakeholders, building design choices, and shared efficacy metrics. Building on these inputs, a multi-stakeholder, longitudinal building value assessment model was developed. The model was tested on two residential building development scenarios, highlighting its ability to capture the true impact of buildings on affected stakeholders over time in terms of tangible and intangible building costs and benefits. Finally, business model innovation concepts were employed to identify specific changes in stakeholder value delivery and capture strategies that could redistribute building costs and benefits over time, and thereby facilitate a shift in the paradigm of design and value capture in the residential building industry. </p>