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published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

The rates of fatalities, injuries and diseases from work, has been a longstanding challenge for centuries. The challenge is validated by the fact that there is not a paper, or publication, that appears to have been written worldwide, without discussion regarding the extent of the problem in the construction industry. Despite there being prescriptive statutory requirements applicable to the sector, all attempts to reduce the reduce the accident rates in South Africa appear to have been largely unsuccessful. The review of literature indicates that most research has focused on design, designers, roles of stakeholders, inter alia that relate to construction health and safety. Given the situation noted, the research investigated design, various aspects of the construction process and stakeholders, and the inclusion of procurement as a major component of the construction process. A triangulated, or mixed methods research methodology was utilised for the thesis. The qualitative methodology utilised in Action Research (AR) and a total of three FGs’ sought to develop a theoretical model that would identify multi-stakeholder policies, practice and education requirements. An extensive international, African and South African literature review was conducted as part of the secondary research and the grounding for the mixed methodology of research. The information sought to contextualise the South African paradigm and practices. Two quantitative, multi-stakeholders’ studies were conducted during the development of the research. The quantitative aspect considers the perceptions of those practicing or involved in H&S, the interface regarding the stakeholders and ‘issues’ experienced in the challenges relating to daily work. Themes were developed, inter alia: a general; workers; management (including supervision, responsibilities and pricing); a stakeholders’ theme (including project managers; design and designers, and client), and the construction H&S theme (including the CHSA, construction H&S Manager (CHSM), construction H&S Officer (CHSO)). A total of 22 hypotheses were tested. The hypotheses considered all the stakeholders, within the framework of the research. Only 1 hypothesis was not supported, and hypothesis was partially supported. Three AR FGs’ were held in the Sarah Baartman District (a building focus) and at the Bhisho offices (a civil engineering focus) of the ECDRPW. The research considered the procurement processes that underpins a project, with some elements relative to the interface of H&S, design, the stages of work, and the current legislative framework. A validated theoretical model, the ‘Deacon Procurement, Design and Health and Safety Model’ emerged from the qualitative aspect of the research. The salient findings indicate a tendency in the industry to operate in silos, adhere to minimum levels of compliance, and not determining other aspects that could possibly reduce project and financial risk. Therefore, stakeholders need to work together, across the stages of work. Level of confidence is low among clients and built environment groups regarding H&S across the project life cycle, resulting in the non-compliance, and increased project risk. Clients such as the National Treasury do not identify H&S risks during project planning, resulting in the lack of adequate resources for projects, with supply chain management and procurement not ensuring compliance and technical expertise. Due to lack of knowledge CHSAs’, CHSMs’, and CHSOs,’ are not appointed timeously, resulting in noncompliance, and increased project risk. The construction H&S practitioners level of confidence is affected by lack of experience, not knowledge, in contrast to the lack of H&S knowledge of built environment professionals. A range of recommendations are provided that include, inter alia: development of policy, guidelines and practice notes regarding H&S, supply chain management and procurement; education and training, continuing professional development, training and workshops, and further research.

Orientador: Paulo Licio de Geus / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T04:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruppert_GuilhermeCesarSoares_M.pdf: 908627 bytes, checksum: 2eb5cfc8a9692f72179b7c1cd2596b39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os sistemas de arquivos distribuídos são um componente importante em praticamente todas as redes coorporativas, acadêmicas e até mesmo domésticas. Neste cenário, o NFS (Network File System) é um dos sistemas de maior importância, não só pela importância histórica em ter sido um dos pioneiros, mas por ser largamente utilizado em todo o mundo. Porém, o NFS foi projetado com recursos insuficientes de segurança. A versão 3 do NFS, que é a versão utilizada atualmente em ambientes de produção, apresenta um nível de segurança praticamente nulo. Mais recentemente, foi elaborada a especificação da versão 4 do protocolo que corrige adequadamente os problemas de segurança. Contudo, o protocolo apresenta um grau de complexidade extremamente elevado e, devido a isso, poucos estão dispostos a enfrentar sua implementação. Atualmente, existem apenas algumas implementações preliminares deste protocolo e as mesmas não se encontram completas e estáveis. Logo, a migração para o NFSv4 a curto prazo é inviável. Neste trabalho foi realizado um amplo estudo dos diversos aspectos envolvidos com a segurança de sistemas de arquivos distribuídos, em especial o NFS. Foram levantadas as deficiências do NFS e foram analisados diversos trabalhos envolvendo segurança no compartilhamento de arquivos. Este trabalho resultou no projeto e implementação do NFS Guard, uma ferramenta para agregar segurança ao NFS versão 3 de forma simples e totalmente compatível com as redes NFS já instaladas. O NFS Guard utiliza clientes e servidores NFS padrão e não requer recompilação de nenhum software já instalado, podendo ser utilizado inclusive em sistemas de código fechado. Para isso foi desenvolvida uma técnica de Kerberização utilizando interceptação de pacotes, que também pode ser utilizada para agregar segurança a outros serviços além do NFS / Abstract: Distributed File Systems are an important component in practicalIy every corporate, academic or even home network. In this scenario, NFS (Network File System) is one of the most important of these systems, not only due to its historical importance for being one of the pioneers, but also for being largely used alI over the world. However, NFS was designed with insufficient security features. NFS version 3, which is the version currently being used in production environments, presents an almost nulI security leveI. More recently, the version 4 of the protocol was designed,among other thigs, to tackle the security issues. Nevertheless, this protocol presents an extremely high leveI of complexity, and consequently, a few want to face its implementation. At the moment, a few preliminary implementations are available, but usualIy incomplete and unstable. Hence, the migration to NFSv4 in a short term is not feasible. In this work we accomplished a wide study of many aspects involved with distributed file system security, specialIy with regards to NFS. NFS's shortcoming were identified e many works involving security in file sharing were analyzed. This work resulted in the design and implementation of NFS Guard, a tool to add security do NFS version 3 in a simple way and totalIy compatible with instalIed NFS networks. NFS Guard uses standard NFS client and server and does not require recompilation of any installed software, so it can be used with closed source systems. To accomplish that, a Kerberization technique was developed using packet interception, which can also be used to add security to other services besides NFS / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

The following study identifies and describes the cultural knowledge of women working in the construction industry regarding occupational health and safety. Data was gathered on 6 female construction workers, using the techniques of participant observation and the ethnographic interview. Results of the field observation and the interviews revealed that the women had a high level of knowledge of many work place hazards. They were also aware of kinds of accidents and injuries and a number of ways of cutting down on the hazards. Less was known about chronic, progressive, as opposed to acute injury. Despite their belief that most accidents were preventable, the women described a variety of reasons for not taking precautions. The major reasons given involved peer pressure and lack of time.

El presente trabajo de Investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar la Seguridad de las Edificaciones, en el presente caso de estudio del Distrito de Miraflores, el cual podría ser aplicable en todos los gobiernos locales al ser un tema de ámbito nacional. Las deficiencias de la seguridad de edificaciones se deben a la inadecuada supervisión e inspecciones de los profesionales (en especial el ámbito municipal – ente rector) que tienen a su cargo velar por la correcta ejecución de las obras. A fin de garantizar que los proyectos de edificación cumplan con los requisitos de seguridad requeridos, la Municipalidad debe cumplir con la Ley 29090, referida a las Supervisiones de Obra, convocando a los Profesionales Calificados por los Colegios Profesionales correspondientes por cada especialidad. El personal municipal debe estar capacitado para realizar una revisión de la presentación de expedientes previo a la recepción, verificar los requisitos mínimos que debe contener para un edificio de determinada altura, área y uso, tanto en planos como la documentación técnica necesaria, siguiendo las pautas establecidas por la Ley 29090 y su reglamento, así como las ordenanzas municipales. Como resultado se podrá garantizar obras ejecutadas de acuerdo a los Proyectos Aprobados de Licencia, con las conformidades necesarias solicitar las certificaciones de funcionamiento, ya que contarían con la opinión favorable de todas las especialidades. Con el ingreso correcto de los expedientes al inicio de cada procedimiento no se tendrían retrasos para las gestiones de cada proceso de licencia. / The objective of this research work is to improve Building Safety, in this specific case of study in the District of Miraflores, but it could be applicable in all local governments as it is a national issue. The deficiencies in the security of buildings are due to inadequate supervision and inspections by professionals (especially the municipal area - governing body) who are in charge of ensuring the proper execution of the works. In order to guarantee that the building projects comply with the mandatory safety requirements, the Municipality must comply with Law 29090, referred to the Works Supervisions, calling the Professionals Qualified by the corresponding Professional Associations for each specialty. The municipal staff must be able to carry out an examination of the presentation of files prior to the reception as such, verify the minimum requirements that a building of a certain height, area and use must possess, both in plans as well as in the technical documentation required, following the guidelines established by Law 29090 and its regulations, as well as municipal ordinances. As a result, works executed in accordance with their Planning Permits can be guaranteed, with the necessary conformities when requesting the operating certifications, since they would have the favorable opinion of all the specialists. With the correct submission of the files at the start of each procedure there would be no delays in the management of each permission process. / Trabajo de investigación

D.Phil. / Health and safety (H&S) is still a problem in the construction industry. Both locally in Southern Africa and internationally, the construction industry continues to lag behind other industries in terms of H&S performance. As a result, there has been a considerable amount of research and interest on H&S performance improvement. However, there seems to be little research of note focusing on the role and contribution of construction clients to H&S performance improvement. This research project investigated and modelled H&S performance on the role and contribution of clients to H&S. The primary aim of the research was to model how improved H&S performance could be achieved if clients and/or owners were involved. Literature was reviewed on the status of H&S performance in the construction industry, the significance of the industry and on the current trends in H&S performance improvement. Empirical data was collected through a Delphi study and through a field questionnaire survey. Analysis of results from the Delphi study was done with Microsoft Excel to output descriptive statistics. These descriptive statistics informed on whether the experts had reached consensus. Analysis of results from the field questionnaire was done with EQS version 6.1 and MPlus version 6.0. Both of these are structural equation modelling software. A conceptual client centred H&S performance improvement model was based on the theory developed from literature review findings and the Delphi study. The questionnaire survey was conducted for the purpose of validating the conceptual model. The questionnaire survey was conducted in Gaborone, Botswana and Johannesburg, South Africa. Respondents were asked to report on current construction projects that they were part of as a professional. Respondents were asked to indicate their assessment of client H&S culture, contractor, designer and project H&S performance. Results from the investigation pertained to three broad areas. The first results related to theory on H&S performance and performance improvement. Findings were that H&S performance improvement was unlikely if H&S culture was not improved. Further findings were that clients could provide the needed impetus to improve H&S performance.

健康檢查有益於疾病預防及促進健康，同理而言，透過老屋健檢檢視居住安全，有助於居民選擇合適的療法防止建物持續劣化。2016年2月6日高雄美濃地震引發大眾對於建物安全的關注，根據統計顯示臺北市住宅屋齡超過20年占總量78.51%，總樓層數5層以下占總量54.36%，顯示臺北市建物以老舊公寓為主，潛藏公共安全的風險，對老舊建物進行健檢顯得迫切且必要。2013年臺北市以人體健康檢查概念首創老屋健檢計畫，健檢對居民後續行動的影響及其政策成效乃本文焦點。 本文以2013和2014年臺北市老屋健檢申請案件及屋齡20年以上之公寓大廈社區為調查樣本，從個體面探討老屋健檢對居民改善環境意願的影響以及健檢與否導致後續行動之機率差異，並就總體面估計政策之成本效益。研究結果顯示，曾參與健檢者有意改善環境之機率較高，居民在建物設備及外牆安全健檢結果越差時，將增加改造環境的可能性；就總體面來說，現行政策投入少量成本即獲得可觀效益，顯示老屋健檢政策應持續執行。 / Physical examination is beneficial to disease prevention and health promotion. By the old building inspection plan, residents can inspect building environment, prevent the deterioration of the building, and cure disease in an appropriate way. 0206 earthquake caused many deaths, which has aroused the widespread social concern on building safety. According to the official statistics, there are 885,340 housing units in Taipei, about 78.51% of which are over 20 years old, about 54.36% of which are five-storey building or below. It is indicated that older building threaten public safety in Taipei. Hence, it is necessary and urgent to inspect ageing building. The old building inspection plan was held in 2013, which are a Taiwan's first policy. The objectives of this paper are to inspect whether the old building inspection can influence the aspiration of residents improve the building environment, and to examine the effects of the old building inspection plan. The samples of the study include: (1) the ageing buildings which have been involved in the old building inspection plan from 2013 to 2014；(2) the condominiums of 20 years old or above. At first, this paper aims to examine the effects of the old building inspection plan on residents' willingness, then discuss the probability on environment improving before and after joining the program. Finally, we calculate the effectiveness of policy. Empirical results demonstrate that residents who have been involved the plan are more willing to improve the environment. Building equipment and exterior walls performance are worse, residents are more willing to transform the environment. Finally, tremendous effect could be obtained by adding little cost under the support of current policy. It clearly showed that the old building inspection plan should be consistently carried on.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, 2016 / Eskom is a state owned enterprise that generates, transmits and distributes electricity to various sectors. Hence, it supports South Africa’s growth and development aspirations by constructing new electricity infrastructure. This can be achieved by adopting safety, health, environmental and quality (SHEQ) management as a business imperative. Presently, there have been a number of incidents and accidents at some construction sites of the Eskom distribution sector in the Mpumalanga province, which are mainly due to non-compliance with construction health and safety. This research project aims to determine the compliance of contractors servicing Eskom. This is achieved by checking the compliance of the health and safety file of contractors with the Safety, Health and Environmental specification checklist of Eskom. The study aims to investigate if the use of the checklist has improved contractors’ compliance by 2014. In order to achieve these aims, factors are addressed relating to the current state of construction health and safety legislation; the impact of construction health and safety on the economy; project parameters; roles and responsibilities of parties involved on construction sites; performance of small and emerging contractors. The study shows that established contractors always achieved higher compliance when compared to the emerging contractors. In 2014, 90% of contractors complied with the checklist, hence in 2015/16 the contractors can be expected to meet the 100% requirement, therefore complying with the Eskom value of “Zero Harm”.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Throughout the 21st century, floods have caused major disasters in urban areas worldwide and especially in Africa. Several factors influence the ability of government to manage flood disasters through the phases of, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery at a local level. The vulnerability of poor communities to flood disasters exacerbates the impact of the flooding on their livelihoods. The inability of governments to communicate effectively with communities about preparedness strategies for flood mitigation has resulted in much damage in urban areas. The study used semi-structured interviews with Disaster Management officials and community members involved in flooding to evaluate the Disaster Risk Management in Bramfischerville. The fieldwork took place in Bramfischerville that was affected by the 2009 floods. The research revealed that the 2009 Bramfischerville floods were caused by heavy rains, the building of RDP housing on a floodplain and ineffective implementation of Disaster Management strategies by the CoJ. This research argues that in order to understand flood disasters, cooperation between all stakeholders involved in Disaster Management is vital in knowledge accumulation. The 2009 floods had negatively impacted the livelihoods of people in Bramfischerville. Their houses were damaged and they had difficulty traveling to work and school. In this view, the costs associated with floods are continuously being a debt for the people living in Bramfischerville. This research found that the disjuncture between the community and the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) officials exacerbates the negative impacts floods have on people’s livelihoods in Bramfischerville. / MT2018