Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-08-06T13:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibele Bossa Antoniolli.pdf: 9171264 bytes, checksum: 4ec50cbb40d81c6087647a9bc589f54c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T13:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibele Bossa Antoniolli.pdf: 9171264 bytes, checksum: 4ec50cbb40d81c6087647a9bc589f54c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A indústria da construção civil em geral apresenta elevado impacto ambiental. É considerada a maior consumidora de recursos naturais, na maior parte, não-renováveis, além de gerar significativo volume de resíduos. Os selos de certificação ambiental surgem como uma ferramenta de projeto, execução e desempenho (pós-ocupação), indicando diretrizes voltadas à diminuição de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar resultados de critérios pontuados no programa de certificação LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environment Design) durante a pós-ocupação de um prédio comercial, buscando reconhecer também o papel e percepção do usuário. O trabalho foi realizado através de um estudo de caso que utilizou informações disponibilizadas nos documentos de certificação, projeto e informações de consumos de energia e água. Para investigar o papel e a percepção do usuário, foi considerada a comparação entre o “Prédio A" (com certificação ambiental) em relação ao “Prédio B" (sem certificação ambiental). De forma geral, os resultados apontam que o consumo medido de água ficou 31% abaixo dos parâmetros do LEED, porém 199% acima dos parâmetros de projeto. Já o consumo medido de energia ficou 12% acima dos parâmetros do LEED e 32% acima dos parâmetros de projeto. Quanto ao papel do usuário, foi detectado que o uso de bicicletas/vestiários, uso de dispositivos economizadores de água, uso de escada ao invés de elevador, o descarte adequado de resíduos e a conscientização quanto à fumaça de cigarro são ações praticadas e reconhecidas pelos usuários. Quanto à percepção do usuário, em comparação a um prédio sem certificação ambiental, o conforto térmico, a maior transparência e a vista para o exterior são as estratégias de projeto entendidas como mais efetivas. / The construction industry in general has a high environmental impact. It is considered as the largest consumer of natural resources, mostly non-renewable, and it generates a significant volume of waste. The environmental certification arise as a tool for design, implementation and performance (post-occupancy), indicating guidelines for the environmental impacts reduction. The present study aims to analyze the performance of the scored criterias in the certification program, during the post-occupation of a LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environment Design) commercial building, seeking also to recognize the user’s role and perception. The study was conduct through a study case that considered the information that was available in the certification documents, design information and energy and water consumption. To investigate the user’s role and perception, a comparison between "Building A" (with environmental certification) in relation to the "Building B" (without environmental certification) was considered. Overall, the results showed that the measured consumption of water was 31% below the LEED parameters, but 199% above the design parameters. The measured consumption of energy was 12% above the LEED parameters and 32% above the design parameters. As for the user’s role, it was found that the use of bicycles/changing rooms, the use of water saving devices, the use of staircases instead of elevators, the proper disposal of waste and awareness of the cigarette smoke are practiced and recognized actions by users. As for the user’s perception compared to a non-certificate building, the thermal comfort, greater transparency and exterior views were aspects seen as the most effective design strategies.

In urbanized areas, building and transportation systems generally comprise the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption. Realization of global environmental sustainability depends upon efficiency improvements of building and transportation systems in the built environment. The selection of efficient buildings and locations can help to improve the efficient utilization of transportation and building systems. Green building design and rating frameworks provide some guidance and incentive for the development of more efficient building and transportation systems. However, current frameworks are based primarily on prescriptive, component standards, rather than performance-based, whole-building evaluations. This research develops a commercial building/site evaluation framework for the minimization of GHG emissions and energy consumption of transportation and building systems through building/site selection. The framework examines, under uncertainty, multiple dimensions of building/site operation efficiencies: transportation access to/from a building site; heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and domestic hot water; interior and exterior lighting; occupant conveyances; and energy supply. With respect to transportation systems, the framework leverages regional travel demand model data to estimate the activity associated with home-based work and non-home-based work trips. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to quantify the dispersion in the estimated trip distances, travel times, and mode choice. The travel activity estimates are linked with a variety of existing calculation resources for quantifying energy consumption and GHG emissions. With respect to building systems, the framework utilizes a building energy simulation approach to estimate energy consumption and GHG emissions. The building system calculation procedures include a sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis to account for the impacts of input parameter uncertainty on estimated building performance. The framework incorporates a life cycle approach to performance evaluation, thereby incorporating functional units of building/site performance (e.g energy use intensity). The evaluation framework is applied to four case studies of commercial office development in the Atlanta, GA metropolitan region that represent a potential range of building/site alternatives for a 100-employee firm in an urbanized area. The research results indicate that whole-building energy and GHG emissions are sensitive to building/site location, and that site-related transportation is the major determinant of performance. The framework and findings may be used to support the development of quantitative performance evaluations for building/site selection in green building rating systems and other efficiency incentive programs designed to encourage more efficient utilization and development of the built environment.

xii, 145 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In an effort to confront global warming and the increasing scarcity of resources, the preservation community began several years ago to adopt sustainable and green building practices and metrics for historic rehabilitation projects. As a result, there is an ever growing number of rehabilitated historic buildings in the United States not only incorporating sustainable building designs but also achieving Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. Most of these are large, architect-designed buildings in urban settings rehabilitated for cultural and commercial uses. This thesis explores the application of the LEED 2009 New Construction and Major Renovation Rating System for the development of a sustainable rehabilitation plan for the modest vernacular 1897 Jeff. Smith's Parlor Museum in Skagway, Alaska. The goal of this research is to demonstrate how the LEED rating system might be applied to the rehabilitation of this building and other historic vernacular buildings. / Committee in Charge: Donald L. Peting, Chair; Grant Crosby, NPS Historical Architect

Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number of green building certification standards and rating systems have been developed by different organizations worldwide. Those rating systems allow government regulators, building professionals, and consumers to embrace green building with confidence. Many recent studies find that LEED and Energy Star certified commercial buildings gain significant rental and sales price premiums and have higher occupancy rates. However, little research has been conducted to measure the market value of certified multi-family residential buildings, for instance, green condominiums. This study investigates the price effects of LEED certification on condominium real estate assets in a local housing market, in this case Portland, Oregon. The overall dataset is developed by combining information from Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) and LEED certifications by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). A hedonic pricing model is employed to measure the effects of certification levels on sales prices. The model results indicate that, compared to non-certified condominiums in Portland, green certified properties have a 5.8 percent sales price premium on average. The result of this study confirms that LEED condominiums exhibit higher sales prices controlling for location- and property-specific factors.

Reducing and managing the environmental impacts of building structures has become a priority of building stakeholders and within the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) community; although, conflicting approaches and methods to combat the issues are present. For example, green building standards are widespread throughout the world; however each one has its own characteristics and consequently its own specific requirements. While all have proven to be effective rating systems and have similar requirements, the distinguishing characteristic that separates them is their treatment of performance and prescriptive metrics. The feature they all severely lack or currently limit is the inclusion of strict engineering evaluation through energy simulations; hence, the reason why they fail to offer procedural steps to meet performance metrics. How can design professionals design energy efficient buildings with such constraints? Fortunately, advances in technology have allowed design professionals access to content found in Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, extracting pertinent information for specific use in energy analysis is problematic because BIM software currently available is filled with interoperability issues when placed in external software for energy analysis and energy analysis software itself is created with many assumptions that affect the tabulated energy results. This research investigates current building rating systems, determines how current professionals meet energy requirements, and prove that it is possible to create an add-on feature to Autodesk Revit that will allow design professionals to extract the needed information to meet energy goals with actual prescribed methods of mechanical systems selection and evaluation.

The theory of sustainable development has received worldwide acceptance, and is characterised by the protection of environmental quality, social justice and economic development to ensure a quality of life for future generations. The concepts of sustainable development have transcended to all aspects of society, including the built environment through the Habitat Agenda and building sustainability rating tools. The thesis investigates the implications of sustainable development on how it relates to the building construction industry in South Africa. The study sought to evaluate the extent of consideration and motivation for the incorporation of sustainability criteria in building design, using the case of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity wet collection facility in Grahamstown. The goal of the thesis was achieved by evaluating sustainability considerations and barriers to adoption of sustainability criteria in the design of the SAlAB building, the rating of the building against the LEED ™ criteria, and evaluation of the applicability of the LEED ™ in the South African context. The importance of the research emanates from the fact that, despite the proliferation of sustainable development and sustainability rating tools in the world, there is no widely used building sustainability rating tool in South Africa, even though the country is industrialising with a very active built environment. The study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge necessary for the implementation of a building rating tool in the country, through an understanding of barriers to implementation. The research method used in the study was a case study with the intention of obtaining the design professional's considerations and challenges in the context of designing the SAIAB building. The case study used multiple data collection methods, with primary information obtained from interviews of professionals involved in the design of the building, whilst additional information was from analysis of technical drawings and review of literature on the subject. The findings of the research showed that there is an understanding of sustainability and consideration in the building industry even though there is no targeted intent to meet sustainability goals. The barriers to building sustainability were identified as lack of regulation, incentives, access to land, awareness, availability of professional codes and standards, economic costs and capacity. These barriers translated into a relatively low score, a silver rating for the SAlAB building when using the LEEDTM rating system. The implications of the findings suggests a need for the development of a comprehensive building sustainability rating tool suited for the South African context, with performance standards and a technical manual to support it. This should however be done in an environment where sustainability goals are supported by regulation and incentives have been developed.