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Spatio-temporal ultrafast laser tailoring for bulk functionalization of transparent materialsMauclair, Cyril 27 May 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In the past decade, ultrashort laser sources have had a decisive impact on material processing for photonic applications. The technique is usually restricted to the elemental association of an ultrashort source with a focusing lens. It is thus limited in the achievable bulk modifications. Accompanying studies of material modifications in space and time, we propose here that automated spatio-temporal tailoring of the laser pulses is an efficient manner to overcome these limitations. More precisely, we demonstrate the generation of multiple processing foci for synchronous photomachining of multiple devices in the bulk. Thus, we report on the parallel photowriting of waveguides, light couplers, light dividers in 2D/3D in fused silica glass. We show that the domain of photowriting can be extended to deep focusing. We indicate that this can be achieved by wavefront shaping or temporal profile tailoring conducted by an evolutionary optimization loop. We also have unveiled a singular interaction regime where regular structuring takes place before the focal region. For the first time, the dynamics of the energy coupling to the glassy matrix is evaluated for various temporal pulse profiles. Enhanced energy confinement in the case of picosecond pulses is confirmed by characterization of the transient electronic gas and of the subsequent pressure. These pump-probe studies were carried out with a self-build time-resolved microscopy system with temporally shaped pump irradiation. We also developed a new method based on the Drude model to differentiate the electronic and matrix contributions to the contrast of the microscopy images.
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Spatio-temporal ultrafast laser tailoring for bulk functionalization of transparent materials / Mise en forme spatio-temporelle d’impulsions laser ultracourtes pour la fonctionnalisation dans le volume de matériaux transparentsMauclair, Cyril 27 May 2010 (has links)
L’arrivée des sources lasers ultracourtes a bouleversé le domaine de la micro-structuration pour l’optique intégrée. Le plus souvent, le procédé se résume à l’utilisation d’une lentille de focalisation sur le trajet du faisceau laser. Cette méthode souffre de limitations intrinsèques sur la vitesse d’usinage et sur le spectre des modifications accessibles. Nous montrons dans ce mémoire que la mise en forme spatio-temporelle des impulsions lasers ultracourtes répond efficacement à ces défis. En particulier, nous indiquons la possibilité de multiplier le nombre de spots lasers pour la fabrication simultanée de plusieurs composants optiques, en répondant ainsi au besoin de rapidité. Cette avancée majeure est illustrée par la photoinscription en parallèle de guides, de diviseurs, de coupleurs ainsi que de démultiplexeurs de lumière en 2Det 3D dans la silice. Il est également reporté ici que le domaine de photoinscription peut être élargi à la focalisation profonde dans les matériaux grâce à la modulation du front d’onde ainsi que la mise en forme temporelle de l’impulsion permettant de préserver la densité d’énergie déposée. Le couplage d’énergie vers le matériau transparent en fonction de divers profils d’impulsions est étudié à l’échelle femtoseconde. La caractérisation du gaz d’électrons libres ainsi que de l’onde de pression nous permet de mettre en évidence l’efficacité des impulsions picosecondes `a déposer l’énergie de manière plus confinée dans différents verres. Ces études sont conduites sur un système de microscopie de type pompe-sonde permettant de mettre en forme l’irradiation pompe. / In the past decade, ultrashort laser sources have had a decisive impact on material processing for photonic applications. The technique is usually restricted to the elemental association of an ultrashort source with a focusing lens. It is thus limited in the achievable bulk modifications. Accompanying studies of material modifications in space and time, we propose here that automated spatio-temporal tailoring of the laser pulses is an efficient manner to overcome these limitations. More precisely, we demonstrate the generation of multiple processing foci for synchronous photomachining of multiple devices in the bulk. Thus, we report on the parallel photowriting of waveguides, light couplers, light dividers in 2D/3D in fused silica glass. We show that the domain of photowriting can be extended to deep focusing. We indicate that this can be achieved by wavefront shaping or temporal profile tailoring conducted by an evolutionary optimization loop. We also have unveiled a singular interaction regime where regular structuring takes place before the focal region. For the first time, the dynamics of the energy coupling to the glassy matrix is evaluated for various temporal pulse profiles. Enhanced energy confinement in the case of picosecond pulses is confirmed by characterization of the transient electronic gas and of the subsequent pressure. These pump-probe studies were carried out with a self-build time-resolved microscopy system with temporally shaped pump irradiation. We also developed a new method based on the Drude model to differentiate the electronic and matrix contributions to the contrast of the microscopy images.
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