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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos farmacolÃgicos do telocinobufagin, um bufadienolÃdeo oriundo das glÃndulas parotÃides do Bufo paracnemis: estudo comparativo com o anestÃsico local bupivacaÃna / Pharmacological effects of telocinobufagin, a bufodienolide originated from the parotoid glands of Bufo paracnemis: comparative study with local anesthetic bupivacaine

Manoel ClaÃdio Azevedo PatrocÃnio 26 May 2004 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The pharmacological effects of telocinobufagin (TCB), a bufadienolide extracted from Bufo paracnemis parotoid glands by HPLC, were compared to that induced by bupivacaine (BUPI). On guinea-pig isolated ileum, TCB (10-8 to 10-4 M) inhibited both, the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction (with a value of 0.9  0.9 % of the control response at 6x10-4 M), and the contractions elicited by ACh, in a concentration-dependent manner. BUPI (10-7 to 10-3 M) also inhibited both, the EFS- and the ACh-induced contractions on guinea-pig isolated ileum, in a concentration-dependent manner. On rat isolated sciatic nerve, TCB (1 mM) reduced the compound action potential (CAP) peak-to-peak amplitude (PPA) to 64.9Â7.2 % and 12.9Â4.4 % of the control amplitude after 15 min and 30 min, respectively; withdrawal of telocinobufagin reversed to 83.2Â17.5% after 45 min. TCB reduced the CAP conduction velocity (CV) to 15.0Â15.0 % of the control after 30 min; wash reversed to 78.7Â7.2 % of the control. BUPI (1 mM) inhibited the CAP PPA to 46.7Â14,4 % and 11.8.Â6.5 % of the control after 15 min and 30 min, respectively; it recovered partially to 29.7Â8.3 % after 45 min of wash. BUPI inhibited the CAP CV to 17.4Â11.2 % of the control after 30 min; it recovered partially to 44.8Â14.5 % after 45 min of wash. On rat isolated atrium, TCB (10-6 to 10-4 M) did not alter the spontaneous inotropism, which was abolished by BUPI. Thus, TCB showed a reversible local anesthetic action, similar to BUPI, however, without cardiac toxicity in vitro. This study shows perspectives to research of new molecules for local anesthetic activity with therapeutic interest / Foram avaliados os efeitos do bufadienolÃdeo telocinobufagin (TCB), obtido das glÃndulas parotÃides do Bufo paracnemis por cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia, comparando-os com os do anestÃsico local bupivacaÃna (BUPI). TCB (10-8 a 6x10-4 M) inibiu, de modo concentraÃÃo-dependente, as contraÃÃes induzidas por estimulaÃÃo por campo elÃtrico (ECE) em Ãleo isolado de cobaio, cujo valor foi 0,9Â0,9 % da resposta controle, na concentraÃÃo de 6x10-4 M. Da mesma forma, TCB (10-6 a 10-4 M) inibiu, as contraÃÃes induzidas pela ACh. BUPI (10-7 - 10-3 M) inibiu, de modo concentraÃÃo-dependente, tanto as contraÃÃes induzidas por ECE quanto as induzidas por ACh. Em nervo ciÃtico isolado de rato, a amplitude pico-a-pico (APP) do potencial de aÃÃo composto (PAC) caiu para 64,9Â7,2 e 12,9Â4,4 % do controle, apÃs 15 e 30 min com 1 mM TCB, respectivamente, retornando para 83,2Â17,5 % lavando-se o nervo com Locke por 45 min. Nas mesmas condiÃÃes, a velocidade de conduÃÃo (VC) do PAC caiu para 15,0Â15,0 % da controle, apÃs 30 min; sendo recuperada para 78,7Â7,2 % apÃs 45 min da retirada do TCB. BUPI (1mM) diminuiu tanto a APP do PAC para 46,7Â14,4 % e 11,8Â6,5 % da controle, apÃs 15 e 30 min, respectivamente, quanto a VC para 17,4Â11,2 % da controle, apÃs 30 min; apÃs 45 min da lavagem reverteu parcialmente a APP e a VC para 29,7Â8,3 e 44,8Â14,5 % da obtida no controle, respectivamente. Em Ãtrio isolado de rato, TCB (10-6 a 10-4M) nÃo alterou o inotropismo espontÃneo, o que foi reduzido pela BUPI (10-4 M). Portanto, TCB possui propriedades anestÃsicas locais reversÃveis semelhantes à BUPI, sem apresentar, no entanto, sinais de toxicidade cardÃaca in vitro, abrindo perspectivas para busca de novas molÃculas com aÃÃo anestÃsica local com potencial interesse terapÃutico
2

AnÃlise comparativa do perfil de seguranÃa e eficÃcia analgÃsica da S(+) cetamina com ou sem morfina na anestesia peridural para histerectomia abdominal. / Comparative Analysis of the Profile of Safety and analgesic efficacy of S (+) ketamine with or without morphine in epidural anesthesia for Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Daniela Lima Chow Castillo 18 May 2009 (has links)
nÃo hà / A s(+)cetamina à o isÃmero levÃgiro da cetamina, antagonista do receptor NMDA para glutamato que està envolvido na gÃnese e manutenÃÃo do processo doloroso. A analgesia multimodal consiste na utilizaÃÃo de combinaÃÃo de fÃrmacos objetivando controle adequado da dor com reduÃÃo dos efeitos adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiÃncia da s(+)cetamina isoladamente e da associaÃÃo morfina/cetamina comparadas à morfina isoladamente combinadas a mistura enantiomÃrica de bupivacaÃna (R75l25%) na anestesia peridural e analgesia pÃs-operatÃria em pacientes submetidas à histerectomia abdominal. Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, duplo cego e aleatÃrio, com aprovaÃÃo do Comità de Ãtica e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Participaram do estudo 36 pacientes ASA I ou II com idade de 20 a 60 anos submetidas à histerectomia abdominal com anestesia peridural. As pacientes foram alocadas em trÃs grupos: Grupo 1 - Grupo Cetamina (GC): administraÃÃo de mistura enantiomÃtrica (R75-S25) de bupivacaÃna associada à s(+)cetamina; Grupo 2 â Grupo Morfina (GM): administraÃÃo de mistura enantiomÃtrica (R75-S25) de bupivacaÃna associada à morfina e Grupo 3 - Grupo Cetamina/Morfina(GCM): administraÃÃo de mistura enantiomÃtrica (R75-S25) de bupivacaÃna associada à morfina e s(+)cetamina. Foram avaliados nÃvel de bloqueio motor e sensitivo, grau de sedaÃÃo e parÃmetros hemodinÃmicos: pressÃo arterial e frequÃncia cardÃaca a cada 15 minutos durante a cirurgia. No perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio foi avaliado o consumo de analgÃsicos em 6 e 24 horas, alÃm da incidÃncia de nÃuseas, vÃmitos e prurido. A anÃlise estatÃstica foi realizada utilizando os softwares graphpad prisma 4.0 e Excel 2007. NÃo houve diferenÃa entre a idade, tempo cirÃrgico e o estado fÃsico (ASA) entre os grupos (p<0,05). A frequÃncia cardÃaca e pressÃo arterial mantiveram-se dentro dos valores estabelecidos como normal sem variaÃÃo significativa entre os grupos. A avaliaÃÃo da incidÃncia de efeitos adversos (nÃuseas, vÃmitos e prurido) nÃo foi diferente entre os grupos. A analgesia pÃs-operatÃria avaliada por consumo de analgÃsicos nas primeiras 6 horas nÃo foi diferente entre os grupos. Houve maior grau de bloqueio motor no grupo Cetamorf no tempo T15. Houve conversÃo para anestesia geral em 4 pacientes por falha de bloqueio, nos grupos cetamina-morfina (02 pacientes) e morfina (02 pacientes). Os dados sugerem que a adiÃÃo de s(+)cetamina e morfina nas doses avaliadas à segura, eficaz e permite a reduÃÃo de 50% na dose da morfina epidural mantendo-se o perfil de controle de dor no pÃs operatÃrio. No entanto, nÃo se verificou reduÃÃo da incidÃncia de nÃuseas, vÃmitos e prurido. / The association of drugs with different mechanisms of action in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord decreases postoperative pain, with a reduction in the incidence of side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate some intraoperative parameters as well as postoperative analgesia and sedation by epidural morphine, S(+)ketamine and S(+) ketamine- morphine associated with Bupivacaine Enantiomeric Mixture (R75L25%) for abdominal hysterectomy. In this prospective, randomized, and double-blinded clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of the administration of epidural S(+)ketamine alone or with morphine were compared with epidural morphine alone (control group) for efficacy and safety comparisons after abdominal hysterectomy. 36 female patients, physical status ASA I and II, participated in this study. These patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups for having the following drugs administered epidurally: 1. Ketamine Group - Bupivacaine Enantiomeric Mixture (R75L25%) associated with S(+) ketamine (0.4 mg.kg-1); 2. Ketamine-Morphine Group - Bupivacaine Enantiomeric Mixture (R75L25%) associated S(+) ketamine (0.4 mg.kg-1) and morphine (1 mg) 3. Morphine Group, Bupivacaine Enantiomeric Mixture (R75L25%) was associated with morphine (2mg). During the intraoperative period the parameters analyzed were: blood pressure, heart rate, motor blockade level, sensitive level, intraoperative use of vasoconstrictor and sedation level. The time interval between each dada collection was 15 minutes. In the postoperative period, analgesia were evaluated using analogue visual scale 2h, 6h and 24h after the end of the surgery as well as the total amount of analgesics drugs requirement during the first 24 postoperative hours. Values were analyzed statistically using GraphPad Prisma 4.0 and Excel 2007. There were no differences between the three groups with respect to age, sex, weight, or duration of the surgical procedures (p<0,05). No differences were found between the groups during intraoperative analysis related to blood pressure, heart rate, Ramsay scores, vasoconstrictor use, and sensitive blockade level. Bromageâs scores were lower in the morpine/s+ketamine group during the first fifteen minutes analysis. Sedation scores were similar in both groups. The epidural blockade alone was not enough for surgical anesthesia resulting in conversion to general anesthesia in 4 patients who belong to Ketamine-morphine (02 patients) and Morphine (02 patients) groups, respectively. None of the patients in either group developed respiratory depression. Other side effects, such as pruritus, nausea, and vomiting, were also similar in both groups. The addiction of s(+) ketamine was safety and efficient to Bupivacaine Enantiomeric Mixture (R75L25%) in comparison with morphine.

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