This thesis examines whether UK companies engage in classification shifting after the introduction of IFRS in 2005. While IFRS was issued to improve the quality of accounting practices and provides users with more useful and valuerelevant information, non-recurring items disclosures is less regulated under IFRS than under UK GAAP. Therefore, firms may have more opportunity to exercise their discretion on the classification of items within the income statement. Previous studies showed weak evidence of misclassification of recurring items within the income statements in the UK prior to the introduction of IFRS. However, it is unclear whether the flexibility under IFRS has affected the misclassification of recurring items within the income statement. The empirical results reveal that managers are more likely to exercise their discretion in the disclosure of non-recurring items following the adoption of IFRS. More specifically, it is found that managers are more likely to misclassify some recurring items as non-recurring before they engage in new debt contracts in the next period, and when classification shifting allows them to report core earnings increases. However, the results reveal that companies do not engage in classification shifting to avoid reporting core loss. This thesis also examines whether external auditors and corporate governance are able to mitigate classification shifting practices. The results show that high quality auditors are less likely to question the proper classification of recurring items. However, high quality internal governance in terms of board and audit committee are more likely to challenge management accounting practices, especially, the disclosure of exceptional items. These inferences are robust to a number of modelling specifications and variable definitions. The results collectively demonstrate that IFRS provides management with greater opportunity to misclassify some recurring items, and while external auditors do not mitigate such practices, strong internal governance do.

There are many reasons to believe that budgeting lies at the heart of business management. Gray et al (2001:324) states that ―budgetary planning and control is the most visible use of accounting information in the management control process. By setting standards of performance and providing feedback by means of variance reports, the accountant supplies much of the fundamental information required for overall planning and control. However, Gray et al (2001:324) point out that capital budgeting decision is limited by the intricacies of the international business environment, which is characterized by economic, social, political, and cultural diversity. Therefore, decisions of capital investments and budgetary controls are more problematic (Gray et al., 2001:14). One of the defining characteristics of the globalization of the world economy in the past two decades has been the spread of multinational corporations' activities across countries, and, as a result, significant increases in global foreign direct investment (FDI) outflow in the 1990s (from R233 billion in 1990 to R1, 379 billion in 2000). For example, the total stock of Chinese direct investment abroad nearly tripled over the 1990s (from $2.2 trillion in 1990 to $6.3 trillion in 2000) as Chinese multinational corporations generated an increasingly large share of world GDP (6.8 percent in 1994 and 8.6 percent in 2000). Multinational corporations have become an important conduit in the global allocation of investment funds. However, the business environment in international markets has been considered volatile; there is no reliable and accurate method to aid 2 multinational corporations about decisions about the international environment. Thus, multinational corporations have encountered risk and challenge. Given the development and challenge of the international environment, this study have been considered to plan over a longer time horizon, develop formal mechanisms to set aside funds for preserving existing facilities, increase automation of the process, and link capital planning decisions to statewide performance goals and strategic plans. This research draws upon existing theoretical determinants of capital budgeting and empirically tests the hypotheses across a sample of multinational corporations in China. Although the sample is from China, the results have important implications for multinational corporations based in other countries. This paper is composed of four parts. The first part briefly gives both a theoretical and practical overview of multinational capital budgeting analysis. The second part discusses the data collection techniques and the questionnaire design used in this study. The third part provides some important findings of this research. The last section offers some conclusions from this study.

by Leung Wei-chuen Daniel. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Bibliography: leaves 80-83.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1980. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-250). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Demand for internationally comparable accounting information has increased significantly in recent years due to rapid growth in cross-border investment. One reflection of this trend is the widespread adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), a set of accounting rules designed to improve financial reporting quality, including comparability. In this thesis, I empirically test whether IFRS adoption improves cross-border information comparability and whether the improvement in the information comparability, if any, facilitates international investment such as mergers and acquisitions (M&As). / In the first part of the thesis, I use data from 17 European countries that adopted IFRS in 2005 to investigate the effect of IFRS adoption on information comparability. I employ three proxies---the similarity of accounting functions, the degree of cross-border intra-industry information transfer, and the similarity of the information content of earnings and book value---to measure cross-border information comparability. I find that all three measures of information comparability indicate significantly better comparability in the post-IFRS period than in the pre-IFRS period. I also find that the improvement in comparability resulting from IFRS adoption is more evident among countries with similar institutional environments than among those with different institutional environments. / In the second part of the thesis, I examine whether the adoption of IFRS would encourage cross-border M&As. Using data from firms in 17 European countries with mandatory IFRS adoption in 2005, I calculate the frequency that a firm acquires/ merges with a foreign firm, the number of foreign bidders involved in an M&A deal, and the synergistic gains of cross-border M&As. I find that all three measures increase significantly after the mandatory IFRS adoption. These results suggest that IFRS adoption facilitates and create more value for cross-border M&As. / Yip, Wing Yue. / Adviser: Danqing Young. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Commerce. Johannesburg, 02 August 2017 / The purpose of this study was to obtain an understanding of the current perceptions of South African practitioners regarding the application of the IFRS for SMEs in the South African SME sector. This understanding would help assess whether the initial scepticism displayed when the IFRS for SMEs was first introduced in South Africa, has changed, and would also help assess what the drawbacks and benefits of the application of the IFRS for SME’s in South Africa are. The perceptions of South African practitioners were analysed by reference to two phases- first according to the results of a structured questionnaire that was issued to a sample of SAIPA practitioners, and then according to the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with thirteen South African practitioners. The primary conclusion drawn is that there appears to be an overall acceptance of the IFRS for SMEs in South Africa although there are also certain challenges of its application and certain aspects that affect the value of using the IFRS for SMEs as an accounting reporting framework. The uniformity that the IFRS for SMEs brings seems to be one of the more significant advantages. Factors, however, such as the age of the population of the practitioners; the use of automated software systems; and the legislative requirements regarding the application of the IFRS for SMEs, affect the relative merit of using the standard. Keywords: practitioners; IFRS for SMEs / GR2018

A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Commerce in Accounting 2016. / This paper explores the logics of resistance to fair value accounting, which entails the motivations to resist, as well as the mechanisms of resistance. It applies an interpretive approach to investigate this, using data collected from interviews with a sample of South African accounting professionals. The study demonstrates that while fair value accounting is being applied in the financial statements of organisations from a legalistic perspective, the application is superficial and ceremonious due to an established culture of compliance, and the need for funding, which engenders a ‘tick the box’ approach. The superficiality of application is complimented with a range of motivations to resist IFRS 13, which stem from practical concerns as well as theoretical, to create for a resistant attitude to fair value accounting. This resistance has been evidenced in this study, to manifest in various mechanisms that can be employed to avoid fair value accounting. These mechanisms are indicative of decoupling since they involve gaps being created between the purpose of financial statements, and the financial statements prepared, without blatant disregard of fair value accounting principles. These findings have been used to formulate recommendations which may be useful for preparers of financial statements, auditors and standard setters alike. While the aim of the study is not to identify deficiencies of fair value accounting principles, the consequence of exploring logics of resistance to fair value accounting is that it highlights areas that require further assessment in order to achieve the objectives of standards. / MT2017

Thesis (D. Comm.(Economic and management sciences))-University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, was issued in December, 1981, replacing SFAS No. 8, Accounting For the Translation of Foreign Currency Transactions and Foreign Currency Financial Statements. SFAS No. 52 has shifted the impact of translation gains and losses from the income statement to the balance sheet. It was expected that SFAS No. 52 would eliminate the incentive for multinationals to engage in various hedging activities to reduce the effect of the translation process in reported earnings. It was also expected that multinationals would change their foreign exchange risk management practices. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SFAS No. 52 on foreign exchange risk management practices of U.S. based multinationals.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2016-01-27T13:45:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jose_Orcelio_do_Nascimento.pdf: 528646 bytes, checksum: 998844502f4bafdd46c2e3aa406ca907 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T13:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jose_Orcelio_do_Nascimento.pdf: 528646 bytes, checksum: 998844502f4bafdd46c2e3aa406ca907 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / In the seventies of the twentieth century, there was an expansion in the production of electricity in Brazil. On April 26, 1973 the Itaipu Treaty was concluded between Brazil and Paraguay which enabled the construction of a hydroelectric plant in the border between the two countries: the Itaipu Binacional, which is governed by the Itaipu Treaty and its Annexes. The accounting of this entity presents singularities as Annex C of the Itaipu Treaty which sets the financial databases and the provision of services of Itaipu electricity and also how will the cost of electricity service will be comprised, although the depreciation of fixed assets has not been included, as a result the effect of the depreciation of the company facilities has not been presented in its financial statements, generating a communication issue, or better, the loss of accounting information quality between Itaipu Binacional and its stakeholders and this problem still affects the financial statements of ELETROBRAS (Centrais El??tricas Brasileiras S/A.) on grounds of Itaipu Binacional being constituted by ELETROBRAS and ANDE (Administraci??n Nacional de Eletricidad) with equal participation in the capital of Itaipu Binacional. This dissertation aims to analyze Itaipu Binacional accounting practices in the evaluation of its fixed assets, under the view of the Accounting Theory, and new Corporate Accounting standards as IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and the new Public Accounting under IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting Standards). To achieve these objectives a descriptive search has been conducted and a deductive method has been used as research and documentary analysis technique has been used as analysis of data. It has been observed a gap in accounting literature regarding binational ventures as Itaipu Binacional. The justifications of this study are its probable practical applicability in the Itaipu Treaty review and the possibility of Brazil joins other binational investments, governed by treaties in the area of electric power generation. In the financial statements for the financial year 2009 of Itaipu Binacional, fixed assets represented 88.22% of total assets, Itaipu accounting practices used in the valuation of fixed assets in relation to measurement, depreciation, maintenance and impairment, diverge from Accounting Theory, Corporate Accounting and Public Accounting, for nonuse of depreciation, the use of maintenance was mentioned, although its values were not presented and the impairment test was not applied in searched exercises which is briefly quoted in 2008. Another problem detected in this survey is the absence of forecast supervision by the Tribunal de Contas da Uni??o, contesting the Constitui????o Federal of the Rep??blica Federativa do Brasil and harming the accountability of Itaipu Binacional. It has been concluded that modifications are required in annex C of the Itaipu Treaty such as those that are occurring in Corporate Accounting and Public Accounting that converge to international standards. / Nos anos setenta do s??culo vinte, houve uma expans??o na produ????o de energia el??trica no Brasil. Em 26 de abril de 1973, foi celebrado o Tratado de Itaipu entre Brasil e Paraguai, o que possibilitou a constru????o de uma usina hidrel??trica na fronteira entre os dois pa??ses: a Itaipu Binacional, que ?? regida pelo Tratado de Itaipu e seus anexos. A contabilidade desta entidade apresenta singularidades como o Anexo C do Tratado de Itaipu que define as bases financeiras e de presta????o dos servi??os de eletricidade da Itaipu e tamb??m como ser?? composto o custo do servi??o de eletricidade, por??m neste custo n??o foi inclu??do a deprecia????o do Ativo Imobilizado, como consequ??ncia a empresa n??o apresenta em suas demonstra????es cont??beis o efeito da deprecia????o de suas instala????es, gerando um problema de comunica????o, ou melhor, a perda da qualidade da informa????o cont??bil entre a Itaipu Binacional e seus stakeholders e ainda este problema afeta as demonstra????es cont??beis da ELETROBRAS (Centrais El??tricas Brasileiras S/A.) em raz??o da Itaipu Binacional ser constitu??da pela ELETROBRAS e pela ANDE (Administraci??n Nacional de Eletricidad) com igual participa????o no capital da Itaipu Binacional. Esta disserta????o tem como objetivos analisar as pr??ticas cont??beis da Itaipu Binacional na avalia????o do seu Ativo Imobilizado, sob a ??tica da Teoria da Contabilidade e das novas normas da Contabilidade Societ??ria, conforme as IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) e da nova Contabilidade P??blica segundo as IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting Standards). Para alcan??ar estes objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e utilizado como m??todo de pesquisa o dedutivo e para an??lise dos dados foi utilizada a t??cnica da an??lise documental. Foi observada uma lacuna na literatura cont??bil a respeito de empreendimentos binacionais como a Itaipu Binacional. As justificativas deste estudo s??o sua prov??vel aplicabilidade pr??tica em uma revis??o do Tratado de Itaipu e a possibilidade do Brasil participar de outros investimentos binacionais, regidos por tratados, na ??rea de gera????o de energia el??trica. Nas demonstra????es cont??beis do exerc??cio de 2009 da Itaipu Binacional o Ativo Imobilizado representa 88,22% do Ativo Total, as pr??ticas cont??beis de Itaipu utilizadas na avalia????o do Ativo Imobilizado em rela????o ?? mensura????o, deprecia????o, manuten????o e impairment divergem da Teoria da Contabilidade, Contabilidade Societ??ria e Contabilidade P??blica, quanto a n??o utiliza????o da deprecia????o, ?? mencionada a utiliza????o da manuten????o, por??m n??o s??o apresentados seus valores e nos exerc??cios pesquisados n??o foi aplicado o teste de impairment que ?? citado de maneira sucinta somente no exerc??cio de 2008. Outro problema detectado nesta pesquisa ?? a aus??ncia no Tratado de Itaipu da previs??o de fiscaliza????o pelo Tribunal de Contas da Uni??o, contrariando a Constitui????o Federal da Rep??blica Federativa do Brasil e prejudicando a accountability da Itaipu Binacional. Conclui-se assim que s??o necess??rias modifica????es no Anexo C do Tratado de Itaipu, como as que est??o ocorrendo na Contabilidade Societ??ria e Contabilidade P??blica que convergem para normas internacionais.