M.Sc. (Zoology) / Schilbeids or butter barbel represent a valuable source of protein for the people of Africa. Recently, several local producers commenced with the commercial production of butter barbel. To manage this resource and to provide a long-term sustainable yield, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the taxonomy, distribution, ecology and genetic structure of this species. By preserving the genetic structure of a species, erosion of its genetic variability is prevented, enabling them to adapt and consequently survive altering environmental conditions. However, several natural and anthropogenic influences acting upon the populations may affect their genetic variability and ultimately their survival ...