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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Epidemiologia molecular de staphylococcus aureus resistentes e sensíveis à meticilina no Rio de Janeiro/RJ

Silva, Frederico Medeiros Rosas da January 2005 (has links)
Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-12-03T17:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 frederico_m_r_silva_ioc_bcm_0032_2005.pdf: 983631 bytes, checksum: c53725cd06ca616bc0df79ce5088aa9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-03T17:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 frederico_m_r_silva_ioc_bcm_0032_2005.pdf: 983631 bytes, checksum: c53725cd06ca616bc0df79ce5088aa9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Universidade Estácio de Sá. Campus Arcos da Lapa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / No Brasil, apenas uma cepa disseminada, o clone epidêmico brasileiro (BEC) de MRSA, foi amplamente caracterizada, apresentando o cassete estafilocócico de resistência à meticilina (SCCmec) IIIA de 67 Kb e multirresistência antibiótica. Entretanto, novos clones de MRSA não-multirresistentes com alta virulência têm sido descritos em infecções comunitárias e hospitalares em vários países. Estes clones abrigam SCCmec curtos, com cerca de 24 Kb, portanto mais eficiente na transferência, replicação e tradução. Este estudo objetiva descrever o background genético dos clones de S. aureus envolvidos em infecções no Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Foram coletadas 139 amostras de S. aureus (54 MRSA), isoladas de pacientes de sete hospitais e de um laboratório de patologia clínica. As amostras foram submetidas a análises moleculares por diversos métodos. Com a análise por Multilocus Restriction Fragment Typing (MLRFT), caracterização do tipo de SCCmec e a presença de genes para leucocidina Panton-Valentine (PVL), juntamente com o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana, definiu-se 37 cepas representativas que foram posteriormente submetidos ao sequenciamento por Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) e caracterizados por Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). A combinação de todas as abordagens permitiu o agrupamento dos isolados em 22 grupos clonais. O genótipo prevalente correspondeu à cepa nosocomial MRSA/BEC e foi caracterizada pelo RTF-BAAACAC / Sequence Type (ST) 239/SCCmec IIIA / Pulsotipo A / PVL negativo / multirresistência antibiótica. Outros 5 grupos clonais apresentaram cepas de MSSA e MRSA não-MDR com SCCmecs curtos. Quinze RFTs apresentaram somente cepas de MSSA com grande diversidade genotípica entre si, sendo 27,4% dessas PVL-positivas. Algumas cepas MRSA não-MDR PVL-positivas foram agrupadas em dois genótipos: RFT-AAAAAAA (ST-1) e RFT–BBBBBAB (ST-30), com SCCmec IVa e IV, respectivamente. Essas são características de clones comunitários disseminados pelo mundo, porém foram encontradas em MRSA hospitalares. De forma interessante, amostras pertencentes ao ST-30 foram identificadas como de origem hospitalar. Entretanto, um isolado foi derivado de infecção comunitária, demonstrando compartilhamento de cepas entre comunidade e hospital. A presença de SCCmecs curtos em cepas MRSA não-MDR direciona à possível emergência de novos clones resistentes. Os perfis heterogêneos de MRSA encontrados no Brasil reforçam a dinâmica da estrutura genética populacional deste patógeno e a importância de procedimentos de tipagem molecular para definir as relações entre isolados nosocomiais e comunitários. / In Brazil, a solely strain has been found disseminated, the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) of MRSA, was detected, characterized by the presence of a 67Kb staphylococcal chromosomal cassette of methicillin resistance (SCCmec) IIIA and antibiotic multiresistance. However, new non-multiresistant highly virulent MRSA strains have been described in community and nosocomial infections in several countries. These clones harbor a smaller SCCmec of around 24Kb and therefore more efficient in transferring, replication and translation. This study aim to describe the genetic background of S. aureus clones associated to infections in Rio de Janeiro/RJ. One hundred and thirty nine S. aureus samples were collected (54 MRSA isolates) from patients from seven hospitals and from a clinical pathology laboratory. These samples were submitted to molecular analyses by several methods. Multilocus Restriction Fragment Typing (MLRFT), SCCmec typing and the presence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) genes, in association with the antimicrobial resistance profile, defined 37 representative isolates that were further submitted to DNA sequencing by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and also characterized by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The combination of all approaches allowed the clustering of the isolates into 22 clonal groups. The most prevalent genotype corresponded to MRSA/BEC nosocomial strain and was characterized as RFT-BAAACAC, Sequence Type (ST) 239, SCCmec IIIA, Pulsotype A, PVL-negative and antibiotic multiresistance. The other 5 clonal groups presented MSSA and non-MDR MRSA strains with smaller SCCmecs. Fifteen RFTs presented only MSSA strains with large genotypic diversity being 27,4% of the MSSA samples PVL-positives. Some PVL-positive non-MDR MRSA strains were clustered into two genotypes: RFT-AAAAAAA (ST-1) and RFT–BBBBBAB (ST-30), with SCCmec IVa and IV, respectively. These are characteristics of community isolates worldwide disseminated, however they are found in nosocomial MRSA strains. Notably, in this study, samples characterized as ST-30 was identified, in its majority, from hospital origin. However, an isolate was derived from community infection, depicting sharing among community and hospital settings. The presence of shorter SCCmecs in non-MDR MRSA strains leads to the posible emergence of new resistant clones. The heterogeneous MRSA profiles found in Brazil reinforce the dynamics of the genetic population structure of this pathogen and the importance of molecular typing procedures to define the relationship among nosocomial and community strains.

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