Theme of this master's thesis Comparison of thermal cycle efficiency is aimed on the calculation of thermal schemes of reheating and without reheating for various performances. The calculation is performed using specialized literature. The introduction describes the fundamental thermal cycle used in power plants and Rankine - Clausius cycle. After the initial familiarization with the parameters of Rankine - Clausius cycle follow a section with technical solutions to improve thermal efficiency of Rankine - Clausius thermal cycle. The aim of this work is to identify and compare the thermal efficiency of the thermal cycle with reheating, without reheating and compare them with each other. At the conclusion of this work is shown comparison between two low-pressure regeneration systems.

This diploma thesis focuses on designing impulse stage steam turbine to be used as the feed pump drive. I consecutively carried out thermodynamic calculation, seals and bearings layouts, with the aim to determine the steam mass flow through the turbine. Furthermore, I conducted turbine blade toughness check-ups, determined the rotor critical rotational speed, check-up rotor critical place (bearing pin) for torsion, and created a clutch screws design. The final part of this thesis pursues the other operating states of the turbine. This thesis is amended by a mechanical drawing of the turbine transection.

Les sols forestiers contiennent des stocks de C importants et la gestion de tels espaces naturels est donc cruciale dans le contexte du changement climatique. Ce travail s’attache à comprendre quels leviers (facteurs environnementaux, pratiques sylvicoles) contrôlent le fonctionnement microbien des sols de peuplements représentatifs de Provence calcaire en considérant différentes échelles spatiales. La hiérarchisation des facteurs modulant le fonctionnement des sols forestiers a mis en évidence une structuration des communautés fonctionnelles microbiennes à l’échelle régionale par les conditions bioclimatiques (bioclimats sub-humide vs. humide), et une modulation des activités enzymatiques à l’échelle locale par la MO définie par le peuplement (Quercus ilex et Pinus halepensis vs. Q. pubescens et P. sylvestris en composition pure ou mixte). Les effets de la mixité forestière (décrite via les surfaces terrières et les densités des troncs) sur le fonctionnement du sol a été évaluée dans les deux contextes bioclimatiques: la complémentarité des essences en peuplements mixtes sous bioclimat humide favorise le recyclage de la MO et induit une diminution des stocks de C et N, cet effet non-additif des essences n’est pas observé sous bioclimat sub-humide. L’addition de différents types de rémanents (feuilles/aiguilles vs. bois) a été testée en mésocosmes : les équilibres entre les populations fongiques et bactériennes sont conditionnés par le ratio C/N, lui-même dépendant du type de rémanents apporté. Ainsi, ces résultats indiquent que les pratiques sylvicoles pourraient orienter les dynamiques des flux de C dans les sols forestiers. / Since forest soils can store large carbon amounts, the management of such ecosystem is of major importance considering the forecasted climate change. This work aims at understanding which drivers (environmental factors and sylvicultural practices) control soil microbial functioning in forest stands of Provence (South of France) considering different spatial scales. The hierarchization of drivers showed that microbial functional diversity is driven at the regional scale by bioclimatic conditions (sub-humid vs. humid bioclimate) and enzyme activities at the local scale by the organic matter print defined by stand composition (Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis vs. Q. pubescens and P. sylvestris in pure or mixed stand). Mixed forest composition and structure (described through basal area and density of trunks of pines and oaks) influenced soil functioning differently depending on the bioclimate: the complementarity of species in mixed stands in humid bioclimate favoured organic matter recycling and induced a decrease in C and N stocks, while an additive effect of tree species was found in sub-humid bioclimate. Amendments with different types of logging residues (leaves / needles vs. wood) were tested in mesocosms: the balance between fungal and bacterial populations was conditioned by the C to N ratio, C and N amounts varying with the type of residue. Thus, these results indicate that forest management - through the choice of adapted practices - has the potential to drive microbial functioning in forest soils.

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