The drawbacks of the mechanical linear actuator which is applied to punch flexible printed circuit boards(FPCBs), are many components involved, low transmission efficient, and high proportion of energy consumption. In order to design and manufacture a device that can generate a rapid and high quality punching processes, the fundamental rules that can be followed are to use few parts with light weight design, good working piece, energy conserved, and perfect efficient. To improve the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the existing mechanism, design, manufacture, and assessment are to be taken for developing new linear actuated mechanisms. The first step is to analyze the performance of the existing linkage actuator . The second step is to design a over-head cam mechanism of non-constant rotational speed to substitute the pulley and the rock arm according to the design specifications. The performance of the new type actuated device is superior to the existing mechanism, and this research had preliminary verified the viewpoint of the energy in high speed punching. The achievements of this research also provide references for linear actuator designers and high speed punching producers.

Roller gear cam (RGC) mechanisms are widely used in modern industries. While operated at high speeds, the indexing precision of these devices will be influenced by their dynamic characteristics. In this study, the Bond Graph Method is employed to construct a mathematical model to simulate the dynamic responses of RGC mechanisms. Meanwhile, associated experiments will be made to verify the effectiveness of this model. The influences of torque compensation mechanisms and different cam motion curves affecting the dynamic response of a RGC mechanism are observed. And the results show that the torque compensation mechanism is effective to the dynamic performance, and high-speed stability of a RGC mechanism. Besides, the simulated results also indicate that the kinematic properties of cam motion curves have certain influences on the residual vibrations of the system.

Roller Gear Cam mechanism¡]RGC¡^has been used widely in different automation mechanisms and all kinds of orientation mechanism. High speed and high accuracy of the RGC system is a tendency in high production automation. The interaction between the driving speed and torque of a high speed RGC system is investigated in this work. The effect of adding a torque compensation cam¡]TCC¡^on the improving of indexing precision of a RGC system is investigated in this thesis. The dynamic responses of a RGC system driven by a DC motor are conducted. Dynamic equations of the intermittent- motion of a RGC driven system are derived by using the Lagrange¡¦s equation with the assumption of dual-stiffness. Furthermore, the effect of adding a torque compensation mechanism¡]TCM¡^ such as torque compensation cam¡]TCC¡^ or idle wheel on the improving of indexing precision of a RGC system is investigated in this work. The sixth order Runge-Kutta iteration method is employed in the system¡¦s responses simulation. Variations of the driving torque, driving speed and residual vibration of a RGC system with different torque compensation devices are analyzed in this research. The simulated and measured results indicate that a RGC system attached with a TCC can improve its speed and torque fluctuation at the designed speed significantly. However, this compensation effect is quite sensitive to the driving speed. On the contrary, the compensation effect introduced by using an idle wheel is not so sensitive to the speed as the TCC does. The low cost and easy design are also the favorable factors for using an idle wheel to instead of an expensive TCC device.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is distinct from orthodox western medicine. In the modern time¡Adue to chronic disease increase year by year and the consumer¡¦s concept of health is not merely without disease. These had changed the people¡¦s seeking medical help behavior. Western medicine in controlling and treating of acute disease had achieved remarkable results, but of chronic disease is disappointed due to chemical drugs long tern side effects. Complementary and alternative medicine relative to western medicine is more nature and modest without severe side effect. In many studies , people utilization of CAM as medical treatment increase year by year. In this study , I will explore the using conditions and degrees of CAM of patients in chronic psychiatric ward. We purposely select the patients and under the informed consensus of patient we apply questionnaires to them. After collecting the questionnaires, we perform statistic analysis. According to statistic results, we discuss the clinical meaning and hope to offer some valuable informations to mental heath providers.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2002. / Title from title page of source document. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The degree project is performed at Metso Kamfab. The production is aimed on machines everything from handling of fiber to paper pulp. Metso Fiber and Kamfab are using Pro/Engineer for design and blueprint production. The processing department types the NC-programs in notepad on the basis of the blueprints, the CAD-dates that already is there are not used. The aim with the work is to study if Kamfab can use CAM-system for processing and production of programs for their NC-machines. The objective in this project is to make NC-programs that functions in three special machines. CAD/CAM forms the link between design and production. In a CAD/CAM-system the geometry is created in CAD and can be used directly in CAM for processing. In CAM CL-data is created and after that translated with a postprocessor to NC-code. The postprocessor is used also as a watch over function. Three machines were chosen as experiment items for introducing of CAD/CAM. These are a 7-axis mill, a combined mill/turn and a 3-axis mill. The 7-axis mill and the mill/turn were chosen because they are the most advanced machines. The 3-axis mill was chosen because there was available time in it. Products that were tested were trough, pillar, housing and a part for a toolchanger. When processing the trough ”Surface-Mill” was chosen and a lead-angle was set in the parameters. It was most drilling and a little face milling on both the pillar and the housing. In order to test programs a postprocessor was borrowed that translated CL-data to Heidenhain code. During the test run errors were detected in the programs. This depends on that the postprocessor not where customized for the machine. A postprocessor developed by ourselves was also tested, this one didn’t work because the machine's NC-system couldn’t read ISO standard code. A study visit was done at Structo in Kristinehamn where EdgeCAM is used for NC-processing. It works well and it allows quicker and safer programming. Pro/Engineer is powerful and has a lot of possible adjustments. This makes it complex and takes time to learn. To use Pro/Engineer´s CAM-part it is necessary to have basic knowledge about the CAD-part. Depending on this many companies uses for example EdgeCAM that almost is a pure CAM-system. The processing of the three components functioned well in Pro/Engineer, we could process the components after demands. The problem was to get working programs. An advantage with using CAM is that you can simulate toolpaths. Through this you can see if the tool collides and it also makes it possible to optimize toolpaths. Today, it is a lot of waiting time in the milling machine FPT34 because programs are not completed. This waiting time would be reduced or even eliminated with the aid of CAM. / Examensarbetet är utfört på Metso Kamfab. Deras tillverkning är inriktad på maskiner allt från hantering av flis till framställning av pappersmassa. Metso Fiber och Kamfab använder Pro/Engineer för konstruktion och ritningsframtagning. Vid maskinberedning skrivs sedan NC-program utifrån ritningen, alltså används inte de CAD-data som redan finns. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka om Kamfab kan använda CAM-system för beredning och framtagning av program till deras NC-maskiner. Målet i detta projekt är att ta fram NC-program som fungerar i tre speciella maskiner. Dessutom skall två CAM-system jämföras, dessa är Pro/Engineer´s CAM-system och EdgeCAM. CAD/CAM bildar kopplingen mellan konstruktion och produktion. I ett CAD/CAM-system kan geometrin som skapats i CAD-delen direkt användas i CAM-delen för beredning. Vid CAM beredning skapas CL-data som översätts med en postprocessor till NC-kod. Postprocessorn används också som en övervakande funktion. Tre maskiner har valts ut som försöksobjekt för införande av CAD/CAM. Det är en 7-axlig NC-fräs, en kombinerad svarv/fräsmaskin och en 3-axlig fräs. Anledningen till att den 7-axliga maskinen och svarv/fräsmaskinen valdes var att de betraktas som de mest avancerade maskinerna. Den enklare 3-axliga maskinen valdes för att det fanns ledig tid i den. Produkter som testades var tråg, pelare, kikhus och en detalj till en verktygsväxlare. Vid beredning av tråget valdes ”Surface-Mill” och i parametrar ställdes en framlutning av verktyget in. Denna metod kallas skränkfräsning. Både för pelare och kikhuset var det främst borrning och lite planfräsning. För att kunna testa program lånades en postprocessor som översatte CL-data till Heidenhain kod. Under testkörningen upptäcktes fel på programmen. Detta berodde på att postprocessorn inte var anpassad till maskinen. En egenutvecklad postprocessor testades också, denna fungerade inte pga. att maskinens styrsystem inte klarade ISO-standard kod. Ett studiebesök gjordes hos Structo i Kristinehamn där EdgeCAM används för NC-beredning. Det fungerar bra att få fram program, det medför snabbare och säkrare programmering. Pro/Engineer är kraftfullt då det finns oerhört många inställningar och justeringar att tillgå. Samtidigt är det ganska komplext och det tar tid att lära sig. För att använda Pro/Engineer´s CAM-del krävs det att man är kunnig i CAD-delen. Beroende på detta så använder många företag exempelvis EdgeCAM som i princip är ett rent CAM-system. Beredningen av de tre komponenterna fungerade bra i Pro/Engineer, man kunde bearbeta komponenterna efter önskemål. Problemet var att få fram fungerande program. En fördel med att använda CAM är att man kan simulera verktygsvägar. Genom detta kan man se om verktyget krockar och det möjliggör också optimering av verktygsvägar. Idag är det en hel del väntetid i fräsverket pga. att program inte finns färdiga. Denna väntetid skulle kunna reduceras eller till och med elimineras med hjälp av CAM.

No description available.

The incidence of autism continues to rise with no cure or understanding of the cause of the disorder. Approximately one in 150 children will be diagnosed with an (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder although recent prevalence data suggest one in 91. The objective of the study is to assess medicinal intake regarding prescription and nonprescription medications of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and its affect on their nutritional status compared to age, and sex matched healthy children. The study included families of children with autism in which they completed questionnaires and 24‐hour recalls. There were 26 children used within the questionnaire and 13 were utilized in the 24‐hour recall, ranging in age from 2‐11. Results demonstrated that children with autism were not deficient in relation to vital nutrients needed for neurological function. Prescription and nonprescription medications also did not pose many side effects; however, there was slight weight gain in their utilization. Information from the assessments of the child’s nutritional needs and drug nutrient interaction will allow parents, paraprofessionals and healthcare professionals to provide education to families.

No description available.