The effect of intramuscular corticosterone injection on post mortem muscle metabolism and shear resistance of Pectoralis Major muscle was studied. Short term studies, conducted over an 8 hour post-injection period, showed no significant effect of injection until 6 hours post injection at which time shear values increased from those of the controls. Blood glucose levels rose significantly from 2 to 8 hours post injection. A comparison of shear values of P. Major muscle from 6 week-old broilers and 8 week-old broilers after both had received corticosterone injections showed that the only difference was due to the difference of age not to any alteration in the physiological handling of the injected corticosterone. The greatest difference in treatment effect was found between birds of different stress level. Stress level was subjectively evaluated with respect to the birds reaction to a person entering the range house and to the birds response to handling. Long term studies conducted over 5 and 15 days illustrated homeostatic adjustments to daily corticosterone injections and recovery after cessation of injections. Shear testing was performed on P. Major muscle which was chilled on the carcass and on muscle excised at death. Excised muscle displayed a greater reaction to injection and cessation of injection than did intact muscle due to a lack of skeletal restriction. Shear values decreased on initial injection and increased upon cessation of injection. Homeostatic adjustments returned values to near-normal between these times. Chemical tests were found to display a much more definite reaction to corticosterone injection than did shear testing. Blood glucose and tissue glycogen increased steadily on injection of corticosterone and decreased rapidly at cessation. As expected ultimate muscle pH decreased with muscle glycogen increase. Blood cholesterol increased during injection period as endogenous corticosterone production, for which it is a precursor, was not required. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

4 ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is focused on the synthesis of new bifunctional thiourea organic catalysts containing a carbohydrate moiety, in particular D-glucose with modification on the primary hydroxyl group. The first part of this diploma thesis describes a modification of synthesis of the known bifunctional thiourea catalyst with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose and (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane. The second part is dedicated to the synthesis of new bifunctional thiourea catalysts with modification of the carbohydrate moiety. We focused on per-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose derivatives with pefluoroalkyl moiety on the primary hydroxyl group. We examined different ways of the preparation of 6-O-perfluoroalkylated glucose derivatives. These perfluoroalkylated carbohydrate compounds were transformed into corresponding glycosyl isothiocyanates. Those derivatives upon treatment of (1R,2R)-diaminocyklohexane or 3,5- bis(trifluormethyl)aniline afforded new bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24090号 / 医博第4866号 / 新制||医||1059(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩田 想, 教授 林 康紀, 教授 松田 道行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>The content and utilization of carbohydrate during the yeast life cycle were studied with special reference to spore germination. The experiments were designed to investigate the nutritional requirements, the changes in the carbohydrate content and dry weight, the respiratory activities, the possible substitution of exogenous glucose by other carbon sources, the effect of temperature treatments, the uptake and distribution of exogenous glucose and the effect of inhibitors of carbohydrate metabolism on germination.</p> <p>The experiments showed the relative importance of endogenous and exogenous carbohydrates, the kind of respiratory activity and the fate of exogenous glucose carbon during germination. The pathway of carbon metabolism essential for germination was also indicated.</p> <p>The present work is the first attempt to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the carbohydrate content of yeast during the three major· phases of life cycle, viz., growth, sporulation and germination. Quantitative data on uptake and distribution of exogenous glucose during germination of yeast ascospores are provided. From an analysis of the results an attempt is made to assess the role, of carbohydrate in the germination of yeast ascospores.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

M.S.

Experiments were conducted in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environment chambers to study the effect of environmental factors on tillering, growth, and carbohydrate content of orchardgrass. Tillers of one genotype were studied with several variable factors (light, temperature, moisture,. nitrogen, and/or defoliation) in each of four experiments. Factorial treatment combinations were used in each of the four experiments to study single factors and interactions. Tillering declined to 73 and 26% of normal light when light intensity was reduced in the greenhouse and field, respectively. In the controlled environment chambers, tillering rates were higher with an 18-hour than for a 9-hour day with 3100 F.C. in both chambers. Soluble carbohydrates in the stubble were associated with tillering. There was a marked increase in water soluble carbohydrates as light energy increased up to normal sunlight. Ory matter production was associated with tillering and carbohydrate contents of orchardgrass, factors which increased tillering augmented clipping dry weights. Tillering and foliage growth were much higher when day temperature was 80*F. as compared with 60°F. There was a sharp increase in soluble carbohydrates with low temperature, but at the high temperature carbohydrates did not accumulate as they were apparently utilized for fast growth and tillering. Carbohydrate accumulation per se was not associated with tillering nor yields when temperatures were sub~-optimum for fast growth. Tillering was increased 30% by irrigation. Tillering of orchardgrass plants, defoliated to 1.5, 3, and 6 inches in combination with other treatments, showed increased tillering and dry matter production as defoliation intensities were relaxed. High tillering rates were associated with the magnitude of carbohydrates in orchardgrass stubble. Root development at the end of the experiment was much poorer for intensive defoliation as compared with lax defoliation. Nitrogen stimulated tillering and retarded soluble carbohydrate accumulation in orchardgrass stubbles, Nitrozen stimulated the production of new tissue and nitrogen compounds at the expense of stored carbohydrates in the stubbles. With slow orchardgrass growth under low nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates in the stubble accumulated. There was good evidence that soluble carbohydrates are directly associated with tillering and growth of orchardgrass when factors such as light, nitrogen, and water do not limit growth. Carbohydrate accumulatpeiro nse is not associated with tillering, if any environment growth factor is sub-optimum for tillering and growth. sub-optimum for tillering and growth. / Ph. D.