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The integration of high-quality (Q)-factor 3-D filters with highly efficient antennas is addressed in this dissertation. Integration of filters and antennas into inseparable units eliminates the transitions between the otherwise separate structures resulting in more compact and efficient systems. The compact, highly efficient integrated 3-D filter/antenna systems, enabled by the techniques developed herein, allow for the realization of integrated RF front ends with significantly- reduced form factors. Integration of cavity filters with slot antennas in a single planar substrate is first demonstrated. Due to the high Q factor of cavity resonators, the efficiency of the integrated filter/antenna system is found to be the same as that of a reference filter with the same filtering characteristics. This means a near 100% efficient slot antenna is achieved within this integrated filter/antenna system. To further reduce the footprint of the integrated systems, vertically integrated filter/antenna systems are developed. We then demonstrate the integration of cavity filters with aperture antenna structures which enable larger bandwidths compared with slot antennas. The enhanced bandwidths are made possible through the excitation and radiation of surface waves. To obtain omnidirectional radiation patterns , we integrate cavity filters with monopole antennas. Finally, the integration of filters with patch antennas is addressed. Unlike the other filter/antenna integration examples presented, in which the antenna is utilized as an equivalent load, the patch antenna provides an additional pole in the filtering function. The presented techniques in this dissertation can be applied for filter/antenna integration in all microwave, and millimeter-wave frequency regions

A dielectric filled cavity structure is currently being used to estimate the dielectric constant and loss factor over a wide range of frequencies of a dielectric material which fills the cavity structure [Saed, 1987]. A full field analysis is used to compute the effective complex permittivity of the sample material based on reflection coefficient measurements of the cavity structure and associated geometrical dimensions. The method has previously been used successfully to determine the dielectric constant of materials, but limitations in the Inethod have created difficulties in accurate determination of the dielectric loss factor. The effective loss in this method yields an estimate of the total cavity loss, including both the dielectric loss and that of the cavity conductor walls. In this dissertation a perturbation approach is used to separate the conductor loss from the total loss. The loss-free full-field analysis is used to determine the electric current at the conductor boundaries. This current is used to evaluate the perturbed power dissipated in the cavity walls based on known conductor properties. By subtracting the loss due to the conductor walls from the total loss measured in the structure, the dielectric loss and the resultant dielectric loss factor may be estimated. Measurements are presented for sample dielectric materials. The dielectric loss tangents computed by this new technique improve the unperturbed estimates in the microwave frequency range. / Ph. D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / Madhavan Swaminathan, Committee Chair ; Sung Kyu Lim, Committee Member ; Abhijit Chatterjee, Committee Member ; David C. Keezer, Committee Member ; C. P. Wong, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-09T11:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Os lasers Raman permitem a exploração de novos comprimentos de onda, não comumente acessíveis, graças ao Espalhamento Raman Estimulado. Unidos a processos de conversão não linear, abrem-se campos para emissão de comprimentos de onda na região do visível no espectro eletromagnético. Com uma mesma configuração, diversas combinações de cristais possibilitam a geração de múltiplas frequências, transformando esse tipo de laser em um dispositivo compacto e barato quando comparado com outras tecnologias existentes. Este trabalho apresenta a busca da conversão intracavidade em frequências de lasers Raman, em uma configuração linear. Com dois comprimentos de onda de bombeamento de energia (797 nm e 872 nm), diodos semicondutores foram utilizados para acessar dois picos de absorção do cristal Nd:YLF. O bombeamento em 797 nm levou a emissão fundamental em 908 nm. E através do cristal KGW, com linhas de emissão Stokes, um novo comprimento de onda foi alcançado, em 990 nm. Com o cristal dobrador, BiBO, soma de frequência e segundo harmônico foram gerados, permitindo as emissões em uma região espectral azul bastante larga (450 500 nm). Com o bombeamento em 872 nm, uma emissão de três níveis no cristal Nd:YLF não foi possível, conseguindo apenas a emissão em 1064 nm, linha comum para cristais de neodímio. Uma outra cavidade foi estudada, porém com bombeamento em 880 nm e cristal de Nd:YVO4, conhecido por ser self-Raman. Com uma configuração linear semelhante à anteriormente citada, somente sua linha de emissão fundamental em 914 nm foi obtida, não sendo possível com as condições trabalhadas a emissão Stokes, que permitisse dar continuidade ao estudo. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

De nos jours, on assiste à l'émergence massive de nouveaux systèmes électroniques exploitant des fréquences de plus en plus élevées, particulièrement en ondes millimétriques (30-300 GHz). Il apparaît de ce fait un besoin potentiel de développement de nouveaux moyens d'essai appropriés dans le domaine millimétrique. En particulier, l'étude de la biocompatibilité de ces systèmes est clairement identifiée comme une priorité de recherche en électromagnétisme. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse consiste à concevoir et à évaluer les propriétés d'une chambre réverbérante à brassage de modes (CRBM) en bande Ka (26,5-40 GHz), en bande U (40-60 GHz) et en bande V (50-75 GHz). L'application visée dans cette thèse concerne la mise en place d'outils dosimétriques par caméra infrarouge en chambre réverbérante et la réalisation d'essais préliminaires sur des fantômes diélectriques à 60 GHz. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé numériquement le comportement statistique du champ électrique dans une cavité pré-dimensionnée. Les simulations sont réalisées à l'aide d'un outil interne de modélisation du comportement d'une CRBM basé sur la théorie des images. A l'aide du test d'ajustement statistique d'Anderson-Darling, nous avons montré que le comportement de la chambre en ondes millimétriques est en adéquation avec le modèle de Hill (champ statistiquement homogène et isotrope dans le volume de l'enceinte) . Dans un second temps, nous avons réalisé un prototype de chambre réverbérante de dimensions internes : 42,3 x 41,2 x 38,3 cm3 . Un processus de brassage par saut de fréquence est utilisé pour l'obtention de l'uniformité statistique de la densité de puissance. La chambre est équipée d'un système de positionnement fin et précis permettant l'échantillonnage spatial de la puissance sur un axe à l'intérieur de la chambre. Les accès millimétriques ont également été étudiés de sorte à réduire d'éventuelles fuites significatives. Les liaisons entre la source millimétrique et l'antenne d'émission d'une part et celles entre l'antenne de réception et l'analyseur de spectre d'autre part sont assurées par des guides d'onde. Nous avons également mis en place l'ensemble des équipements nécessaires pour le fonctionnement de la chambre (source, analyseur de spectre, mélangeur). La chambre est caractérisée dans la bande 58,5-61,5 GHz. Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants en termes de coefficient de qualité et de comportement statistique de la puissance mesurée dans un volume de test donné. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons modélisé puis réalisé une interface intégrée sur une des parois de la chambre pour la mesure de température par caméra infrarouge. Des mesures préliminaires sont réalisées sur un fantôme constitué essentiellement d'eau. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de l'évaluation du gradient de la température sur le fantôme sont très proches. Ceci confirme que la chambre réverbérante ainsi conçue permet de soumettre l'objet sous test à une illumination statistiquement uniforme et calibrée en puissance. Un tel dispositif est un atout précieux pour des tests de compatibilité électromagnétique d'équipements électroniques dans la bande 26,5-75 GHz. Cette CRBM pourrait également permettre de réal iser des essais préliminaires dans le cadre de l'étude des interactions des ondes avec la matière vivante en millimétrique. / Nowadays, there is a massive emergence of new electronic systems operating at increasing frequencies, especially in the millimeter waves range (30-300 GHz). As a consequence, development of new appropriate test facilities in the millimeter waves range is needed. ln particular, the study of the biocompatibility of the se systems is cie arly identified as a research priority in electromagnetism. ln this context, this thesis deals with the design and the evaluation of a modestirred reverberation chamber (RC) properties in the Ka band (26.5-40 GHz), U band (40-60 GHz) and V band (50-75 GHz). The intended application in this thesis concerns the development of a dosimetric tool using an infrared camera in a reverberation chamber. Firstly, we numerically analyze the statistical behavior of the electric field in the test volume of such an RC. A numerical model based on image theory is used to simulate the cavity. With Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test, we show !hat the chamber behaves very weil at millimeter waves frequency in terms of statistical distribution of the field in the test volume. Secondly, a compact reverberation chamber is designed and built up, with the following internai dimensions 42.3 x 41.2 x 38.3 cm3 . The statistical uniformity of power density in the chamber volume is obtained by frequency stirring. The RC is associated with a positioning system for spatial sampling of power inside reverberation chamber. The interfaces are also studied in order to reduce any significant leakage. Waveguides are used in the transmission and reception chains to minimize losses. We have also set up ali the equipment necessary for carrying out measurements (source, spectrum analyzer, mixer). The RC is characterized in the 58.5-61.5 GHz range. The results are satisfactory in terms of the quality factor level and the statistical distribution of the power in the test volume. Thirdly, an interface is designed and integrated on one of the chamber walls for temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Preliminary measurements are performed on a phantom consisting essentially of water. Experimental results of the phantom temperature rise are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This confirms thal the designed reverberation chamber allows to expose the deviee under test with a statistically uniform and calibrated power. Such a deviee is a valuable asse! for EMC testing of electronic equipments in the 26.5 to 60 GHz frequency range. This RC could also permit to conduct preliminary tests in the context of the millimeter waves interactions with being organisms.

La maîtrise de la communication et de l'information est un atout primordial dans les stratégies de pouvoir, qu'elles soient militaires, politiques ou commerciales. Celui qui est capable de transmettre l'information plus vite prend l'avantage sur les autres. Tel est le moteur de la croissance et du progrès dans le domaine des télécommunications. L'omniprésence grandissante des dispositifs communicants témoigne de l'expansion exponentielle qu'a connu ce domaine depuis les premières communications sans fil. À l'époque du all-in-one, la multiplication des applications au sein d'un même appareil nécessite l'utilisation de composants toujours plus performants et petits . Au cœur de ces systèmes, les filtres ont une importance grandissante. Dans un environnement spatial, les contraintes de fiabilité et d'encombrement sont particulièrement drastiques. Le choix des matériaux est par ailleurs limité, ce qui réduit les possibilités d'innovation. Cependant, l'amélioration de la précision et de la fiabilité dans les technologies de fabrication ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d'innovation et d'amélioration des composants. Ces travaux ont ainsi été motivés par ce souci d'apporter toujours plus de performance et de fiabilité, pour un encombrement moindre en tirant profit du potentiel offert par l'association du concept SIW et de la technologie LTCC. Les résultats mettent à jour de sérieuses dispersions technologiques. Cependant, le potentiel de l'association SIW/LTCC est démontré, et les difficultés rencontrées sont surmontables. Les filtres SIW en technologie LTCC présentent donc des atouts pour s'imposer comme une alternative sérieuse aux solutions existantes. / Control of communication and information is a key asset in the strategies of power, whether military, political or commercial. Whoever is able to transmit information faster takes advantage of others. This is the engine of growth and progress in the field of telecommunications. The growing ubiquity of communicating devices demonstrates the exponential growth experienced by this area since the first wireless communications. At the time of all-in-one, multiple applications within a single device requires the use of ever more powerful and small components. At the heart of these systems, filters are becoming increasingly important. In a space environment, reliability constraints and space are particularly dramatic. The choice of materials is also limited, which reduces the possibilities of innovation. However, the improvement of accuracy and reliability in manufacturing technologies opens new opportunities for innovation and improved components. This work has been motivated by the desire to bring more performances and reliability, a smaller footprint by taking advantage of the potential offered by combining the concept SIW and LTCC. The results update serious technological dispersions. However, the potential association SIW / LTCC is shown, and the difficulties are surmountable. SIW filters in LTCC therefore have advantages for itself as a serious alternative to existing solutions.

Orientadores: Hugo Enrique Hernandez Figueroa, Gilberto Medeiros Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e da Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_AntonioCarlosTorrezande_M.pdf: 2536341 bytes, checksum: 2f6ebfc74e6b1e0305c7887d30758ce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é construir uma instrumentação que permita a realização de ressonância de spin eletrônico (ESR) em amostras com baixo número de spins, como, por exemplo, pontos quânticos (QDs) auto-formados de InAs. Para isto, este trabalho se propõe em usar cavidades de microfita (MRs). Apesar do seu baixo fator de qualidade, MRs apresentam um alto fator de preenchimento, parâmetro diretamente relacionado com a sensibilidade. Assim, ao analisar como cada dimensão da cavidade influencia na sensibilidade e tendo em mente os outros requisitos da ESR a serem satisfeitos, a geometria final de uma cavidade em GaAs pode ser determinada. Fora a cavidade, todas as transições presentes no sistema foram avaliadas. Por fim, diversos sistemas de detecção foram testados e comprovaram a funcionalidade do sistema montado, completando a análise de todos os elementos de um espectrômetro de ESR / Abstract: The goal of this work is to build an electron-spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer with enhanced sensitivity in order to allow the measurement of samples with a small number of spins such as InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs). Here, it is proposed the use of microstrip resonators (MRs) to achieve this goal. Despite of its low quality factor, MRs have a very large filling factor, which boosts the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. This way, the final geometry of a MR built on GaAs substrate was determined after fulfilling the requirements from the sensitivity as well as from the ESR. Besides that, all the transitions present in the system were assessed. By the end, some detection systems were tested and proved the working of the system built, completing the analysis of all the elements of a spectrometer / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

No / This paper presents a circuit model which is used to calibrate the performance of nonlinear RF energy conversion inside a high quality factor resonant cavity with a known nonlinear loading device. The nonlinear radiofrequency energy conversion can be detected by exciting the fundamental operating frequency and observing the second harmonic resonant frequency within a doubly resonant cavity. By implementing the proposed mathematical model, the required input power can be estimated to maximise the chance of detecting the weak second harmonic signal prior to carry out the measurement.