• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Procesamiento y análisis de motogramas de terremotos de subducción chilenos

Rivera Berríos, Efraín January 2015 (has links)
Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Geofísica / En la presente tesis se procesan y analizan series de tiempo registradas a partir de datos de GPS de alta frecuencia (motogramas), para tres grandes terremotos de subducción ocurridos en Chile en los últimos 10 años: Tocopilla en 2007 (Mw 7.7), Maule en 2010 (Mw 8.8) e Iquique en 2014 (Mw 8.1), de esta forma se obtienen los desplazamientos asociados al movimiento cosísmico de estos terremotos. Este trabajo está dividido en tres partes principales: el procesamiento de datos de GPS de alta frecuencia, a fin de obtener las series de tiempo para cada terremoto estudiando cada parámetro que influye en el cálculo de la posición como son la elección de la estación de referencia y de los satélites que son utilizados. El post-procesamiento, con el cual se consigue la señal del terremoto removiendo o filtrando señales ajenas a este como pueden ser la señal sideral generada en cada una de las estaciones debido al efecto multicamino y el paso de ondas superficiales por la estación de referencia provocando un movimiento ficticio en los desplazamientos observados en las estaciones cinemáticas. Por último, en los casos en que un receptor GPS está instalado junto a un acelerómetro, se comparó la señal del acelerograma integrado a desplazamiento y el motograma. Además de los tres terremotos antes mencionados, se procesaron tres eventos de menor magnitud: Constitución en 2012 (Mw 7.0) réplica del terremoto de Maule 2010, Iquique en 2014 (Mw 7.6) y Tongoy 2013 (Mw 6.5). El procesamiento de estos eventos permitió obtener una estimación con respecto a la mínima magnitud para la cuál el GPS puede registrar un evento interplaca tipo thrust. Se concluye que para obtener un motograma, es necesario aplicar los filtros expuestos, obteniendo una señal que sólo muestre el proceso del terremoto, eliminando señales que puedan distorsionar el registro. A pesar de que los filtros ayudan a obtener una buena señal, la aplicación de estos filtros puede comprometer las altas frecuencias debido a la suma constructiva y destructiva que se reliza con las señales. La comparación entre el acelerograma integrado dos veces y el motograma muestra que, a frecuencias menores a 0.1 Hz, se comportan de manera similar. Por otra parte, el dominio que posee el acelerómetro en la banda de alta frecuencia y del GPS en las bajas frecuencias hace que sean instrumentos complementarios capaces de otorgar información importantes en los primeros segundos de ocurrido un terremoto.
2

Imaging Time Dependent Crustal Deformation Using GPS Geodesy And Induced Seismicity, Stress And Optimal Fault Orientations In The North American Mid-Continent

Holland, Austin Adams January 2014 (has links)
Transient deformation has been observed in a number of different types of tectonic environments. These transient deformation signals are often observed using continuous GPS (CGPS) position time-series observations. Examining transient deformation using CGPS time-series is problematic due to the, often, low signal-to-noise ratios and variability in duration of transient motions observed. A technique to estimate a continuous velocity function from noisy CGPS coordinate time-series of is examined. The resolution of this technique is dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio and the duration or frequency content of the transient signal being modeled. Short period signals require greater signal-to-noise ratios for effective resolution of the actual transient signal. The technique presented here is similar to a low-pass filter but with a number of advantages when working with CGPS data. Data gaps do not adversely impact the technique but limit resolution near the gap epochs, if there is some a priori knowledge of the noise contained within the time-series this information can be included in the model, and model parameter uncertainties provide information on the uncertainty of instantaneous velocity through time. A large transient has been observed in the North-American stable continental interior as a significant increase in the number and moment release of earthquakes through time. This increase in the number of earthquakes has been suggested to be largely related changes in oil and gas production activities within the region as triggered or induced seismicity, primarily from fluid injection. One of the first observed cases of triggered earthquakes from hydraulic fracturing where the earthquakes were large enough to be felt by local residents is documented. The multiple strong temporal and spatial correlations between these earthquakes indicate that hydraulic fracturing in a nearby well likely triggered the earthquake sequence. The largest magnitude earthquake in this sequence was a magnitude 2.9 with 16 earthquakes greater than magnitude 2. The earthquakes in this sequence occurred within 2.5 km of the hydraulic fracturing operation and focal depths are similar to the depths of hydraulic fracturing treatment depths. In addition to the documentation of a transient earthquake signal associated with hydraulic fracturing, the observed focal mechanisms throughout Oklahoma are documented. These focal mechanisms were used to examine the maximum horizontal stress orientations and active fault orientations associated with the increased rates of seismicity observed in the region. Generally, active-fault orientations and the stresses are consistent through broad portions of Oklahoma with one exception, the ongoing Jones earthquake sequence in central Oklahoma that started in 2009. In the Jones earthquake sequence a bi-modal distribution of focal mechanisms are observed. One orientation of active faults observed in the Jones earthquake sequence would not be expected to be active in the observed regional stress field. This unfavorably oriented set of faults appear to be pre-existing structures and activity on these structures may suggest that pore-pressure increases in the sub-surface due to fluid injection in the area make it possible for faults that are not optimally oriented within the regional stress-field to reactivate.
3

Epigenética da reprogramação em células germinativas embrionárias caninas / Epigenetics of reprogramming in canine embryonic germ cells

Aline Fernanda de Souza 16 February 2017 (has links)
As células germinativas primordiais (CGPs) são as precursoras dos gametas, capazes de gerar um novo indivíduo os quais transmitirão os materiais genéticos para as futuras gerações. Normalmente, a linha germinal de mamífero é determinada por fatores genéticos e epigenéticos que possuem funções essenciais para guiar na direção e desenvolvimento das CGPs, bem como das células germinativas embrionárias (CGEs). A reprogramação epigenética é fundamental para a regulação do genoma durante o desenvolvimento das células germinativas responsáveis por originar a linhagem gametogênica nos mamíferos. A metilação e desmetilação em CGPs são um evento único, essencial para apagar a memória epigenética e também prevenir transmissões de epimutações para a próxima geração. Assim, o completo entendimento das vias e mecanismos para a migração inicial e diferenciação destas células em CGEs podem ser importantes para identificar e corrigir falhas possíveis nesses processos, o que será importante, no futuro, para o desenvolvimento e desempenho reprodutivo. A maioria dos estudos com CGPs e CGEs é realizado em camundongos, porém nem sempre esta espécie torna-se o melhor modelo de estudo quando se quer transpor esses conhecimentos a humanos. O cão doméstico (Canis lúpus familiaris) apresenta-se como um modelo ideal para o estudo do desenvolvimento em mamíferos, pois possui inúmeras similaridades com a bioquímica, fisiologia e genética. Deste modo, torna-se interessante expandir os estudos sobre as CGPs e CGEs na espécie canina, a fim de mostrar a importância de diferentes modelos que se assemelham a seres humanos. Portanto, objetiva-se, nesta proposta, identificar qual é a dinâmica de marcadores pluripotentes, germinativos e epigenéticos que são importantes para o desenvolvimento das CGPs e CGEs caninas. Para tal procedimento, essa pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases: a primeira, consiste no processo in vivo, desde o desenvolvimento inicial do embrião até a completa formação da crista gônadal. Análises de RTq-PCR e imunofluorescência para marcadores pluripotentes POU5F1 (OCT4) e NANOG, germinativos DDX4 (VASA), DAZL e DPPA3 (STELLA) e epigenéticos 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 e H3K9me2 foram realizados para criar um perfil de genes que são importantes para o desenvolvimento das CGPs caninas. Prosseguiu-se para a segunda fase in vitro, que incide na derivação e caracterização das CGEs caninas. Ensaios de Fosfatase Alcalina, imunofluorescência para os marcadores: pluripotente POU5F1 (OCT4), germinativos DDX4 (VASA), DAZL e DPPA3 (STELLA), mesodérmico THY-1 (CD90) e epigenéticos 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 e H3K9me2, RT-qPCR para os genes NANOG e DDX4 e formação de teratoma foram efetivados para comprovar a linhagem de células CGEs. Como resultado in vivo, percebe-se que diferentes padrões de marcações e genes foram expressos nas CGPs, comprovando que a espécie canina se assemelha mais com os humanos do que com os camundongos. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que foi possível derivar as células CGEs e que estas conseguem reter sua pluripotencialidade e que diminuem a expressão dos genes germinativos. Porém, essas células tendem a se diferenciar em outros tecidos somáticos, mesmo com a adição de suplementos, fato também notado em CGEs humanas. / Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are known as the only cells capable of generating a new individual, they originate the gametes which then will transmit genetic material to future generations. Normally, the mammalian germ line is determined by genetic and epigenetic factors that have essential functions to guide the direction and development of PGCs as well as embryonic germ cells (EGCs). Epigenetic reprogramming is fundamental for the regulation of the genome during the development of the germ cells responsible for originating the gametogenic lineage in mammals. Methylation and demethylation in PGCs is a unique event, essential for erasing epigenetic memory and also preventing transmissions of epimutations to the next generation. Thus, the understanding of the patterns of differentiation of PGCs in EGCs can be important in identifying and correcting possible failures in these processes, which will be important in the future for development and reproductive performance. Most of the studies with PGCs in EGCs are carried out in mice, but this species is not always the best model of study when transposing this knowledge to humans. In canines, no study has ever been reported on canine PGCs and maybe the Canine species has become interesting as a new animal model for studies. It is known that the study material of human embryos are scarce samples and difficult to obtain, so it is necessary to use other animal models, such as the Canids, which also resemble humans. Dogs were the first fundamental models for the development of bone marrow transplantation in humans, but also made valuable contributions to the development of therapies for cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. Then, it has become interesting to expand the studies on PGCs in the canine species in order to show the importance of different models that might resemble humans. Therefore, we had how proposal identify which were pluripotent, germinative and epigenetic markers that are important for the development of PGCs and canine EGCs. It research was divided into two phases: the first consists of the in vivo process, from the initial development of the embryo to the complete formation of the gonadal ridge. We analyzed through the techniques of real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence for pluripotent markers POU5F1 (OCT4) and NANOG, germline DDX4 (VASA), DAZL and DPPA3 (STELLA) and epigenetic 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 were performed to create a profile of genes that are important for the development of canine PGCs. We proceeded to the second in vitro phase, which focuses on the derivation and characterization of canine EGCs. Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), immunofluorescence for the markers: pluripotent POU5F1 (OCT4), germinative DDX4 (VASA), DAZL and DPPA3 (STELLA), mesodermal THY-1 (CD90) and epigenetic 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2. We also analyzed RT-qPCR for NANOG and DDX4 genes and teratoma formation were performed to prove the EGCs cell lineage. As a result in vivo, different marking patterns and genes had been expressed in CGPs, proving that the canine species is more similar to humans than to mice. The in vitro results showed that it was possible to derive the EGCs and that they are able to retain their pluripotency and decrease the expression of the germinative genes. However, these cells continue to differentiate into other somatic tissues, even with the addition of supplements, a fact also noted in human CGEs.
4

Epigenética da reprogramação em células germinativas embrionárias caninas / Epigenetics of reprogramming in canine embryonic germ cells

Souza, Aline Fernanda de 16 February 2017 (has links)
As células germinativas primordiais (CGPs) são as precursoras dos gametas, capazes de gerar um novo indivíduo os quais transmitirão os materiais genéticos para as futuras gerações. Normalmente, a linha germinal de mamífero é determinada por fatores genéticos e epigenéticos que possuem funções essenciais para guiar na direção e desenvolvimento das CGPs, bem como das células germinativas embrionárias (CGEs). A reprogramação epigenética é fundamental para a regulação do genoma durante o desenvolvimento das células germinativas responsáveis por originar a linhagem gametogênica nos mamíferos. A metilação e desmetilação em CGPs são um evento único, essencial para apagar a memória epigenética e também prevenir transmissões de epimutações para a próxima geração. Assim, o completo entendimento das vias e mecanismos para a migração inicial e diferenciação destas células em CGEs podem ser importantes para identificar e corrigir falhas possíveis nesses processos, o que será importante, no futuro, para o desenvolvimento e desempenho reprodutivo. A maioria dos estudos com CGPs e CGEs é realizado em camundongos, porém nem sempre esta espécie torna-se o melhor modelo de estudo quando se quer transpor esses conhecimentos a humanos. O cão doméstico (Canis lúpus familiaris) apresenta-se como um modelo ideal para o estudo do desenvolvimento em mamíferos, pois possui inúmeras similaridades com a bioquímica, fisiologia e genética. Deste modo, torna-se interessante expandir os estudos sobre as CGPs e CGEs na espécie canina, a fim de mostrar a importância de diferentes modelos que se assemelham a seres humanos. Portanto, objetiva-se, nesta proposta, identificar qual é a dinâmica de marcadores pluripotentes, germinativos e epigenéticos que são importantes para o desenvolvimento das CGPs e CGEs caninas. Para tal procedimento, essa pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases: a primeira, consiste no processo in vivo, desde o desenvolvimento inicial do embrião até a completa formação da crista gônadal. Análises de RTq-PCR e imunofluorescência para marcadores pluripotentes POU5F1 (OCT4) e NANOG, germinativos DDX4 (VASA), DAZL e DPPA3 (STELLA) e epigenéticos 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 e H3K9me2 foram realizados para criar um perfil de genes que são importantes para o desenvolvimento das CGPs caninas. Prosseguiu-se para a segunda fase in vitro, que incide na derivação e caracterização das CGEs caninas. Ensaios de Fosfatase Alcalina, imunofluorescência para os marcadores: pluripotente POU5F1 (OCT4), germinativos DDX4 (VASA), DAZL e DPPA3 (STELLA), mesodérmico THY-1 (CD90) e epigenéticos 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 e H3K9me2, RT-qPCR para os genes NANOG e DDX4 e formação de teratoma foram efetivados para comprovar a linhagem de células CGEs. Como resultado in vivo, percebe-se que diferentes padrões de marcações e genes foram expressos nas CGPs, comprovando que a espécie canina se assemelha mais com os humanos do que com os camundongos. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que foi possível derivar as células CGEs e que estas conseguem reter sua pluripotencialidade e que diminuem a expressão dos genes germinativos. Porém, essas células tendem a se diferenciar em outros tecidos somáticos, mesmo com a adição de suplementos, fato também notado em CGEs humanas. / Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are known as the only cells capable of generating a new individual, they originate the gametes which then will transmit genetic material to future generations. Normally, the mammalian germ line is determined by genetic and epigenetic factors that have essential functions to guide the direction and development of PGCs as well as embryonic germ cells (EGCs). Epigenetic reprogramming is fundamental for the regulation of the genome during the development of the germ cells responsible for originating the gametogenic lineage in mammals. Methylation and demethylation in PGCs is a unique event, essential for erasing epigenetic memory and also preventing transmissions of epimutations to the next generation. Thus, the understanding of the patterns of differentiation of PGCs in EGCs can be important in identifying and correcting possible failures in these processes, which will be important in the future for development and reproductive performance. Most of the studies with PGCs in EGCs are carried out in mice, but this species is not always the best model of study when transposing this knowledge to humans. In canines, no study has ever been reported on canine PGCs and maybe the Canine species has become interesting as a new animal model for studies. It is known that the study material of human embryos are scarce samples and difficult to obtain, so it is necessary to use other animal models, such as the Canids, which also resemble humans. Dogs were the first fundamental models for the development of bone marrow transplantation in humans, but also made valuable contributions to the development of therapies for cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. Then, it has become interesting to expand the studies on PGCs in the canine species in order to show the importance of different models that might resemble humans. Therefore, we had how proposal identify which were pluripotent, germinative and epigenetic markers that are important for the development of PGCs and canine EGCs. It research was divided into two phases: the first consists of the in vivo process, from the initial development of the embryo to the complete formation of the gonadal ridge. We analyzed through the techniques of real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence for pluripotent markers POU5F1 (OCT4) and NANOG, germline DDX4 (VASA), DAZL and DPPA3 (STELLA) and epigenetic 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 were performed to create a profile of genes that are important for the development of canine PGCs. We proceeded to the second in vitro phase, which focuses on the derivation and characterization of canine EGCs. Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), immunofluorescence for the markers: pluripotent POU5F1 (OCT4), germinative DDX4 (VASA), DAZL and DPPA3 (STELLA), mesodermal THY-1 (CD90) and epigenetic 5mC, 5hmC, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2. We also analyzed RT-qPCR for NANOG and DDX4 genes and teratoma formation were performed to prove the EGCs cell lineage. As a result in vivo, different marking patterns and genes had been expressed in CGPs, proving that the canine species is more similar to humans than to mice. The in vitro results showed that it was possible to derive the EGCs and that they are able to retain their pluripotency and decrease the expression of the germinative genes. However, these cells continue to differentiate into other somatic tissues, even with the addition of supplements, a fact also noted in human CGEs.

Page generated in 0.0231 seconds