<p> Radical chemistry has attracted a large amount of research interest over the last few decades and radical reactions have recently been recognized as powerful tools for organic synthesis. The synthetic applications of radicals have been demonstrated in many fields, including in the synthesis of complex natural products. Radical reactions have a number of inherent synthetic advantages over their ionic counterparts. For example, they typically proceed at fast reaction rates under mild and neutral conditions in a broad spectrum of solvents and show significantly greater functional group tolerance. Furthermore, radical processes have the capability of performing in a cascade fashion, allowing for the rapid construction of complex molecular structures with multiple stereogenic centers. To further enhance the synthetic applications of radical reactions, current efforts are devoted toward the development of effective approaches for the regioselective control of their reactivity as well as stereoselectivity, especially enantioselectivity, a challenging issue that is intrinsically challenged by the "free" nature of radical chemistry. </p><p> This research has identified a fundamentally new approach to radical reactions based on the concept of metalloradical catalysis (MRC) for controlling the stereoselectivity of both C- and N-centered radical reactions. Cobalt(II) porphyrins [Co(Por)], are stable metalloradicals, and have been shown to enable the activation of diazo reagents and azides to cleanly generate C- and N-centered radicals, respectively, with N₂ as the only byproduct in a controlled and catalytic manner. In addition to the radical nature of [Co(Por)], the low bond dissociation energy of Co-C/Co-N bonds plays a key role in the successful turnover of the Co(II)-based catalytic carbene and nitrene transfers. Through the support of porphyrin ligands with tunable electronic, steric, and chiral environments, this general concept of Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (Co-MRC) has been successfully applied to the development of various radical processes that enable stereoselective carbene and nitrene transfers. </p>

The low temperature phase (LTP) of MnBi, an interesting material with large magnetic anisotropy, has been obtained for the first time in bulk quantities in almost single-phase form ($>$95$ sp{wt}$%) by melt-spinning, followed by annealing. / X-ray, electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicate that the melt-spun MnBi is amorphous, and may be phase separated. A mechanism is suggested for the glass formation in MnBi. Upon heating, amorphous MnBi first crystallizes around 440 K, then forms LTP around 540 K. DSC and thermomagnetometry studies show that the LTP transforms to high temperature phase around 630 K through two separate processes: a composition transition and a magneto-structural transition. / The anisotropy field, $H sb{a}$ of LTP, is measured from 147 to 586 K by a pulsed magnet combined with the singular point detection technique (SPD). $H sb{a}$ increases with temperature, and reaches a maximum value of 9 T at 530 K. The critical field for spin reversal of a ferrimagnetic phase of MnBi is also detected by SPD from 80 to 200 K, reaching a maximum value of 8 T at 120 K. The coercivity of LTP is successfully described by a model of domain wall pinning which predicts, at 300 K, a domain wall energy of 15.7 $erg/cm sp2$ and a wall thickness of 70 A.

Current practices for routine milk composition determination employ commercial infrared systems. The use of SW-NIR and NIR FT-Raman spectra coupled with conductivity and refractive index could lead to more frequent and less costly analysis of fat, lactose and protein in milk. / The present study examines the potential of both SW-NIR absorbance spectrophotometry and NIR FT-Raman spectrophotometry to develop a model to estimate fat, lactose, and protein in whole milk of cows. To accomplish this, 79 milk standards, spanning the range of composition seen in practice, were obtained. Acquisition of NIR spectra over the wavelength range of 700 nm to 1018 nm was conducted. Between 0 and 3700 cm-1, NIR FT-Raman spectrophotometric measurements of the milk samples were made using a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser source. Conductivity and refractive index measurements were also obtained for the milk standards. / A partial least squares calibration with leave-N-out cross validation was made using spectra with conductivity and refractive index to estimate fat, lactose and protein contents. Calibrations were developed using 75% of the milk standards. Models were further validated using an independent test set comprised of the remaining 25% of the data that had been excluded from calibration. A second calibration was conducted using a genetic algorithm approach. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7620. Adviser: N.R. Aluru. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-166). Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7627. Adviser: Mark A. Shannon. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-148). Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Afhandling - Copenhagen. / English summary. "Litteraturfortegnelse": p. 229-[240].

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 20, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7527. Adviser: Bogdan Dragnea.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: B, page: 6046. Adviser: James A. Glazier.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2006. / "Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 16, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-10, Section: B, page: 5718. Adviser: David E. Clemmer.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3816. Adviser: Paul W. Bohn. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.