Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-11-17T16:56:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_BARBARA_MEIER_DA_COSTA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2683221 bytes, checksum: 7df1d25c854004887ae73f23ab2e40ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-17T16:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_BARBARA_MEIER_DA_COSTA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2683221 bytes, checksum: 7df1d25c854004887ae73f23ab2e40ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The coal fly ash (CFA) is one of the main waste generated during the burning of fossil fuel. The annual global production of CFA is about 800 million tons and is increasing more and more. While a portion is recycled and reused in the construction area, much is still destined to landfills. This study aims to synthesize zeolites in two different scales employing for both CFA arising Thermoelectric Complex Jorge Lacerda, SC, in order to use them in carbon dioxide adsorption (CO2). For synthesis of zeolite was used hydrothermal process in two steps. The first step consisted mainly in the extraction of Si and Al contained in the CFA. The second step was to add an external source of Al in alkaline solution to hit the molar ratio and formation of zeolite of interest. The parameters time, temperature, Si/Al ratio and the reaction medium bench scale has been optimized for the scaling (5 times) was performed. The zeolitic material obtained was characterized using SEM-FEG, XRD, BET and NMR indicates the presence of zeolites X (major phase) and A. Under the conditions used was obtained on a smaller scale a mass of 5.5 g of zeolites of interest while with large scale it was possible to obtain a value of 7 times greater. Tests for adsorption/desorption of CO2 in the zeolitic material was pelleted using bentonite and PVA. The material was efficient in capture and CO2 adsorption selectivity both with He mixture (inert gas), as in admixture with other gases (CH4 and CO). Obtained CO2 adsorption capacities of 0.47 and 0.92 mmol.g-1 with the individual standard in a mixture of He, and with synthetic standard (CO, CH4 and CO2, balance in N2 ), respectively. The adsorbent material produced showed good regeneration, and easily to desorb the adsorbed CO2 both with and without heating, for three cycles of adsorption/desorption tested. The results of this study indicated that the synthesized zeolitic product (X and A) from CFA, has potential use for the adsorption of CO2 at different conditions. / As cinzas leves de carv?o (CLC) s?o um dos principais res?duos gerados durante a queima desse combust?vel f?ssil. A gera??o global anual de CLC ? de cerca de 800 milh?es de toneladas e vem aumentando cada vez mais. Apesar de uma parte ser reciclada e reutilizada na ?rea de constru??o civil, boa parte ainda ? destinada a aterros sanit?rios. O presente trabalho visa sintetizar ze?litas em duas diferentes escalas empregando-se para tanto CLC oriundas do Complexo Termoel?trico Jorge Lacerda, SC, com o intuito de utiliz?-las na adsor??o de di?xido de carbono (CO2). Para s?ntese da ze?lita foi utilizado o processo hidrot?rmico em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu basicamente na extra??o de Si e Al contidos na CLC. A segunda consistiu em adicionar uma fonte externa de Al em solu??o alcalina para acerto da raz?o molar e forma??o da ze?lita de interesse. Os par?metros tempo, temperatura, raz?o Si/Al e meio reacional da escala de bancada foram otimizados para que o aumento de escala (5 vezes) fosse realizado. O material zeol?tico obtido foi caracterizado com o uso de MEV-FEG, DRX, RMN e BET indicando a presen?a de zeolitas X (fase majorit?ria) e A. Sob as condi??es utilizadas obteve-se em escala menor uma massa de 5,5 g da ze?lita de interesse, enquanto com escala maior foi poss?vel obter um valor 7 vezes maior. Para os testes de adsor??o/dessor??o de CO2 nos materiais zeol?ticos, estas foram transformadas em pelotas utilizando bentonita e ?lcool polivin?lico (PVA). O material se mostrou eficiente na captura e seletividade de adsor??o de CO2 tanto em mistura com He (g?s inerte), quanto em mistura com outros gases (CH4 e CO;) a temperatura de 30oC e press?o total de 1 atm. Obteve-se capacidades de adsor??o de CO2 de 0,47 mmol.g-1 e 0,92 mmol.g-1 com o padr?o individual em mistura de He e com padr?o sint?tico (CO, CH4 e CO2, balan?o em N2), respectivamente. O material adsorvente produzido demonstrou boa regenera??o, tendo facilidade para dessorver o CO2 adsorvido tanto com e sem calor, para os tr?s ciclos de adsor??o/dessor??o testados. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que o produto ze?litico sintetizado (X e A) a partir de CLC, tem potencialidade de uso para a adsor??o de CO2 em diferentes condi??es.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 440622.pdf: 2553977 bytes, checksum: b11f8c29e33dc22a9196a011c9531918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / The main use of coal is the generation of electricity, which represents 41% of all electricity generated in the world. Coal burning power plants in the southern states of Brazil produce 3.0x106 tons of ash per year. The present work aims the integrated synthesis of zeolites NaP1 and 4A under mild conditions using coal fly ash as raw material. These zeolites present industrial and environmental applications of great importance for the country, aiming at the minimization of environmental impacts and waste generated. For the synthesis of zeolites hydrothermal process was carried out with different concentrations of the NaOH in low cost glass reactor. The liquid/solid ratio, temperature, sources of aluminum, among other factors, was also investigated. Several techniques were used, to characterize the synthesized zeolite, such as SEM, XRD, XRF, CEC, among others. The best zeolitic products were used in the effluents treatment. Under the conditions used in this study NaP1 and 4A zeolites were obtained with CEC values of 2.5 and 4.5 meq g-1, respectively, indicating high conversions. The zeolite NaP1 proved been highly efficient in removing Mn and NH4+, from Acid Mine Drainage and Swine manure effluents, respectively, within the emission limits imposed by legislation. The results of this study indicate that the zeolite 4A is could be used in replacement of the polyphosphate in detergents. / O principal uso do carv?o ? a gera??o de eletricidade, o que representa 41% de toda a eletricidade gerada no mundo. A combust?o do carv?o nas usinas dos estados do sul do Brasil gera 3,0x106 toneladas de cinzas por ano. O presente trabalho visa a s?ntese integrada de ze?litas NaP1 e 4 A em condi??es brandas, utilizando cinzas volantes de carv?o como mat?ria-prima. Estas ze?litas apresentam aplica??es industriais e ambientais de grande import?ncia para o pa?s, visando a minimiza??o dos impactos ambientais e os res?duos gerados. Para a s?ntese das ze?litas foi realizado processo hidrot?rmico com diferentes concentra??es de NaOH em reator de vidro de baixo custo. A rela??o L/S, temperatura, as fontes de alum?nio, entre outros fatores, tamb?m foram investigados. V?rias t?cnicas foram utilizadas, para caracterizar as ze?litas sintetizadas, tais como MEV, DRX, FRX, CTC, entre outras. Os melhores produtos zeol?ticos foram utilizados no tratamento de efluentes. Sob as condi??es utilizadas neste estudo as ze?litas NaP1 e 4 A foram obtidas com valores de CTC de 2,5 e 4,5 meq g-1, respectivamente, indicando convers?es elevadas. A ze?lita NaP1 provou ser altamente eficiente na remo??o de Mn e NH4+, de drenagem ?cida de mina e efluentes de dejetos su?nos, respectivamente, dentro do limites de emiss?es impostos pela legisla??o. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a ze?lita 4 A pode ser utilizada em substitui??o dos polifosfatos na formula??o de detergentes.