The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft will be used to probe the atmosphere and surface of Saturn's giant moon Titan. This thesis describes an investigation of the capabilities of CIRS as a remote sounding instrument. To enable infrared spectra to be computed, a radiative transfer code has been adapted for Titan's atmosphere. The atmospheric model, including gases and aerosol particles, was refined by comparison of synthetic spectra with results from the IRIS instrument of the Voyager 1 spacecraft. Characteristics of the instrument have been deduced from laboratory measurements. The size and shape of the field of view was found for the mid-infrared detectors. A Fourier code was developed to transform the raw data (interferograms). Blackbody spectra taken with the flight instrument were analysed to calculate the noise equivalent radiance for the detectors of all three focal planes. Finally, the data regarding instrument performance was used in combination with the predictive radiative transfer code to consider in detail the extent to which gaseous bands and other spectral features will be observable for a variety of limb and nadir viewing modes. Current observing strategies are reviewed and recommendations for scientific emphasis in the light of the actual instrument performance are made.

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Introduction: Incident reporting systems have been implemented in health care for over a decade and contain reports of critical incidents (CI). These must be analyzed in order to suggest, implement and evaluate solutions for minimizing the risk of future CIs to occur, thereby increasing patient safety. Drug-related CIs (DRCI) are one type of CI which may represent up to 1/3rd of all CIs, therefore this CI-type is characterized in this study. Aim: To categorize and characterize DRCIs reported in the Critical Incident Reporting System North Rhine-Westphalia (CIRS-NRW). Materials & Methods: In this explorative, retrospective, descriptive study, 553 reports from the CIRS-NRW, reported between the 1st of January 2019 and the 15th of September 2021, were analyzed. These were categorized by setting, medication use process stage, ATC-code, patient age and look-alike, sound-alike (LASA), and then analyzed via descriptive statistics. Various subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results: DRCIs occurred mostly in the hospital (48,5%) and pharmacy (40,7%) settings, during the prescribing (33,8%) and administration (33,5%) of drugs and the ATC-codes N02 (9,4%), B01 (6,9%) and N05 (5,4%) were commonly involved. Patient age contained >50% missing data and LASA was involved in 16,5% of DRCIs. Subgroups were often small, likely resulting in low statistical power. Conclusion: By successfully characterizing the DRCIs, some potential areas of improvement for reducing future DRCIs were highlighted, however there are many more variables of relevance for patient safety than those analyzed in this study, underlining the need for further studies characterizing more DRCIs including additional variables.