This essay aims to shed light on the prevalence of the to + adverb + verb and to not + verb split infinitives in American English, both in a historical perspective and in present day usage, and how it varies in different contexts where different levels of formality are expected. Although students are taught to avoid splitting constructions, numerous grammarians and linguists question this prescriptive viewpoint. Two extensive corpora, the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), were used to gather data. The results revealed how the frequency of the split infinitive was, and still is, rising rapidly, and becoming more and more a standard and accepted feature in American English. The most common context in which to find a split infinitive was that of informal spoken language. However, it was in the most formal of settings, that of academic texts, where the largest increase in prevalence of the split infinitive was seen.

This essay examines how the sense of the word parent has developed and possibly changed during the 19th and 20th centuries. The hypothesis is that father was the most common meaning in the early 1800s and that by the end of the 20th century it had changed into having a more general sense, denoting all caregivers of a child. The research has been performed as a corpus study, looking at and analyzing corpus data in the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) from three different decades – the 1820s, the 1900s, and the 1990s. The word parent was analyzed in 100 samples from each of the three decades by studying the expanded contexts of the word in COHA, and categorizing the perceived meaning into one of seven definitions. The results show that father was the most common sense in the 1820s, while origin was the most frequent meaning in the 1900s. Last but not least, in the samples from the 1990s, either as sense had the highest frequency. Occurrences are analyzed both by decade and by source type. The results indicate that one should be mindful about making assumptions about meaning based only on knowledge of the sense as used in current discourse. Any text should be read and understood in context while taking historical circumstances into account. The definition of parent has changed, both in dictionaries and in the public mind, and there are signals that changes in the legal definition of parent are also to be expected.

The aim of this study is to examine how the word manly was used during the 19thcentury. Using the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) it looks atcollocates, the spread across registers and semantic meaning, in order to gain a betterunderstanding of the word and its usage. Due to this term’s connotations with gender,the findings will finally be discussed in relation to Gender Performativity andMasculinity Theory.