ABSTRACT Shaw, BS, Shaw, I, and Brown, GA. Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2507–2514, 2009—Resistance and endurance training are often performed concurrently in most exercise programs and in rehabilitative settings in an attempt to acquire gains in more than 1 physiologic system. However, it has been proposed that by simultaneously performing these 2 modes of exercise training, the strength gains achieved by resistance training alone may be impaired. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training on muscular strength development in 38 sedentary, apparently healthy males (25 yr 6 8 mo). Subjects were age-matched and randomly assigned to either a control (Con) group (n = 12), resistance training (Res) group (n = 13), or concurrent resistance and endurance training (Com) group (n = 13). After 16 weeks, no changes were found in the strength of the subjects in the Con group. Resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training significantly (p # 0.05) improved strength in all of the 8 prescribed exercises. The data also indicated that 16 weeks of concurrent resistance training and endurance training was as effective in eliciting improvements in strength as resistance training alone in previously sedentary males. As such, concurrent resistance and endurance training does not impede muscular strength gains and can be prescribed simultaneously for the development of strength in sedentary, apparently healthy males and thus may invoke all the physiologic adaptations of resistance and endurance training at once.

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This thesis looks at conceptual combination, in particular it investigates how noun noun compounds are interpreted. Several themes run throughout the work. Real compounds (e.g. coat hanger, crab apple) are compared to novel ones (e.g. banjo cactus, zip violin). Also, compounds are examined in each of the possible permutations of artefacts (A) (e.g. coat, banjo) and natural kinds (N) (e.g. crab, cactus), (AA, AN, NA and NN).Experiments 1 - 4 examine noncompositionality in noun noun compounds. Possible sources of noncompositionality are investigated using both feature listing and feature rating tasks. Although some differences were found, results were similar between different types of compound, evidence of noncompositionality being found in each. The results also confirm that most of the meaning of a noun noim compound is derived from the second constituent (noun2).Experiments 5 and 6 look at two different types of compoimd interpretation - slot filling and property mapping. In experiment 5, slot filling is found to be the preferred interpretation type overall, but property mapping is more common in compounds composed of two natural kinds (NN). Experiment 6 examines possible factors influencing the choice between slot filling and property mapping interpretations. It was found that constituent similarity plays an important role, and also that this interacts with whether or not the constituents have important properties which clash. Experiment 7 looks at compound identification. Results suggest that the first constituent (nounl) may be critical in such tasks. Experiment 8 compares the importance of nounl and noun2 in determining the type of interpretation given to a compound. Neither position is found to be more influential than the other, although relational information does seem to be associated with specific nouns in each position. Throughout the thesis findings are related to current theories of conceptual combination, such as prototype models, the concept specialisation model and theories of compound interpretation by analogy.

This thesis is devoted to generating the boundary of face profile for face transformation in face combining, face resembling and face recognition. The face reformation can be carried by the geometric, harmonic model and numerical methods, such as the splitting shooting method(SSM) and the splitting integrating methods(SIM) of image transformation. However, the harmonic model needs the boundary correspondence in the Dirichlet condition. It is forbidding to depict the pixel-pixel correspondence, but is necessary to find a few important, charactistic point-point correspondences. Hence, we may seek the blending curves to establish the curve-curve correspondence. In this thesis, the formulation for the face boundary and profiles are explored by three methods: cubic spline, quadratic, spline, and the ordinary differential equation(ODE) approaches using Hermite interpolation. The latter is advantageous for handling different boundary conditions in 2D clamped, simply support conditions and given curvature. The combined algorithms using both cubic splines and the ODE methods are also developed. New mathematical algorithms of curves for given curvature on the boundary are proposed in this thesis, and the number of nonlinear equations involved in curvature conditions can be reduced to two or three only. This thesis also displays the validity of the ODE approaches for 2D curves. Graphical experiments are carried out to resembling face images of a young girl, based on the photos of her parents and her childhood.

People often create novel lexical expressions to efficiently communicate their thoughts to others. Noun-noun phrases, also known as conceptual combinations, serve as an example of these novel expressions. Most of the research on conceptual combination has focused on structural features of the phrases. However, other research has demonstrated that discourse context can also influence how these phrases are interpreted. Across two experiments, we demonstrate that discourse context has a greater influence on how people interpret these combinations than does a structural level manipulation. We also examine the strength of this contextually based-effect over a series of time delays. The findings from this study indicate that, while structural features of a given conceptual combination influence how that combination is interpreted, the discourse surrounding the novel combination plays a more influential role in the resulting interpretation. The influence of context is more pronounced than has been suggested in much of the research on conceptual combination.

In this research, we propose two different frameworks combining outputs from multiple on-line machine translation systems. We train the language model and translation model from IWSLT07 training data. The first framework consists of several modules, including selection, substitution, insertion, and deletion. In the second framework, after selection, we use a maximum entropy classifier to classify each word in the selected hypothesis according to Damerau-Levenshtein distance. According to these classification results, each word in the selected hypothesis are processed with different post-processing. We evaluate these combination frameworks on IWSLT07 task. It contains tourism-related sentences. The translation direction is from Chinese to English in our test set. Three on-line machine translation systems, Google, Yahoo, and TransWhiz are used in the investigation. The experimental results show that first combination framework improves BLEU score from 19.15% to 20.55%. The second combination framework improves BLEU from 19.15% to 20.47%. These frameworks achieves absolute improvement of 1.4% and 1.32% in BLEU score, respectively.

Thesis (M. P. H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

This chapter presents the generic schema match system, COmbination MAtch (COMA), which provides an extensible library of simple and hybrid match algorithms and supports a powerful framework for combining match results. The user can tailor match strategies by selecting the marchers and their combination for a given match problem. Hybrid matchers can also be configured easily by combining existing matchers using the provided combination strategies. Schema matching is the task of finding semantic correspondences between elements of two schemas. It is needed in many database applications, such as integration of web data sources, data warehouse loading, and XML message mapping. To reduce the amount of user effort as much as possible, automatic approaches combining several match techniques are required. While such match approaches have found considerable interest recently, the problem of how to best combine different match algorithms still requires further work.

In two experiments the Weighted Salience Model (WSM) of conceptual combination was examined. Several of the hypotheses set forth in the WSM were evaluated, including the importance of salience of constituent features, differential interpretation strategies based on similarity, an initial reliance on the modifier as opposed to the head, and a context effect of salience reorganization. Results confirmed that the hierarchy of output dominance within constituent features was important in determining features in final combinations. Additionally, similar pairs were defined with property interpretations more frequently than were dissimilar pairs, and dissimilar pairs were defined with relation interpretations more frequently than were similar pairs. Context effects were demonstrated through the finding that target features were found more often in primed than unprimed pairs. The hypothesis of modifier superiority was not confirmed. These findings indicate that the WSM adds to the current understanding of conceptual combination through a reliance on output dominance and the importance of context. Despite these strengths, changes to the WSM may be necessary if future studies fail to support the importance of the modifier over the head noun.