The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the process of networking in two intentionally created social networks. It sought to describe the core characteristics associated with networking and analyze how networking functions as a social resource generation strategy for adults dealing with personal growth and/or social change. This study utilized a transformational frame of reference to focus the investigation. The literature suggests that transformationalists view networking as an action oriented change strategy which can be used to accomplish an array of personal and group goals. A theoretical rationale was presented to support the assumption that networks and networking are effective vehicles for personal and social transformation. It asserted that networks and networking emerge out of and are a reflection of a new paradigm or worldview. It demonstrated that the characteristics of networks and networking are a manifestation of the propositions inherent in the new paradigm and therefore can be appropriately viewed as vehicles for personal and social transformation. Qualitative research theories and methods were used to conduct two case studies of social networks which were intentionally created to assist adults dealing with some aspect of personal growth and/or social change. The findings indicated that networking can be typified by three core characteristics: connectedness, communication, and cooperation. Networking, in these settings, served four fundamental functions. It provided access to information and potential sources of power and influence, promoted psychological support, provided assistance with problem solving, and enhanced community effectiveness. A comparison of the findings from each of the cases also indicated important differences in the characterization and functions of networking between the two settings. One of the conclusions drawn from this study is that while generic characteristics and potential functions are identified, how and to what extent they became operationalized were effected by various contextual factors, most notably the purpose and structure of the network.

Current efforts to expand adult literacy services in the United States too often merely replicate past ineffective practices and fail to make use of alternative instructional and management approaches available to them. Learner participation practices are one such potentially useful tool. In them, learners are intentionally encouraged to take greater control of responsibility in the running of program activities. Not enough is known at present about the purposes, origins, forms, users, supportive or hindering factors, and outcomes of these practices as they have been developed to date. While there is evidence that the field has a growing interest in participatory approaches, only limited information and analysis have been developed to guide those hoping to improve and expand the use of these practices. To begin to fill in these gaps in knowledge, this study initially reviews the literature on participation and discusses three purposes for active learner participation: "efficiency," "personal development," and "social change." It then presents the results of a national survey of participatory practices in the instructional and management components of U.S. literacy programs. In instruction, learners are in some cases actively involved in planning, evaluation, peer-teaching, writing and reading practices, field trips, and artistic activities. In management, learners are taking leadership roles in public awareness and advocacy, governance, learner recruitment and intake, mutual support, conferences, community development, program staffing, income generation, and staff recruitment and training. Built on documents and interviews, the survey reveals that this interest is evident across the field, particularly within community based and volunteer programs. Next, intensive case studies describe participatory activities in two volunteer programs, two minority-language programs, and two programs for low-income women. These cases and the national survey provide the basis for an analysis of the origins, limitations, strengths, and critical conditions related to participatory efforts. Finally, the study recommends actions aimed at improving and expanding the use of these practices. These actions include building a deeper understanding of participatory literacy education, research and training, and expansion of the material and human resources needed to make these practices work.

This study was an examination of the safety trainers who work in large construction firms in the United States. It was conducted in the hopes of helping vocational educators improve construction safety training. The purpose of the study was to determine the 1) specific individual demographic characteristics of safety trainers, 2) challenges they experience when planning, delivering, and evaluating safety training programs, 3) relationships between selected individual demographic characteristics of safety trainers and the accident rates of their trainees, and 4) how safety trainers meet the challenges they experience. Most trainers in this study were white males with more than 20 years of construction experience. Approximately 57 percent of the safety trainers had earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Only five safety trainers had degrees in education. Safety trainers believed that they received more support from corporate management than they received from general management, such as project managers, engineers, and superintendents. This belief was found to be significant at the .01 level using a t-test. Additionally, safety trainers believed that they were better at planning and delivering safety training than they were at evaluating safety training. This belief also was found to be significant (p Six null hypotheses were developed to investigate the relationships between selected individual demographic characteristics of safety trainers and the accident rates of trainees. Among the findings for these hypotheses, the following was determined: 1. As company size increased, the accident rates of trainees decreased (r=-.328, p=.012). 2. As the educational levels of safety trainers increased, the accident rates of trainees decreased (r=-.440, p=.001). 3. There was no statistically significant relationship between the yearly amount of safety training that safety trainers received and the accident rates of their trainees (r=-.030, p=.826). 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between the number of years of construction experience that safety trainers have and the accident rates of their trainees (r=.054, p=.690). 5. There was no statistically significant relationship between the number of years of safety experience that safety trainers have and the accident rates of their trainees (r=.122, p=.363). 6. There was no statistically significant relationship between the number of years safety trainers have delivered safety training and the accident rates of their trainees (r=.146, p=.274). Safety trainers met the challenges of not receiving as much support from project managers, engineers, and superintendents as they received from corporate managers by making deliberate efforts to solicit buy-in from these individuals. Additionally, safety trainers met the challenges of not believing they were as good at evaluating safety training as they believed they were at planning and delivering safety training by receiving additional training in the area of evaluation. The study also discussed the conclusions and recommendations of the study. The study ended with a call for vocational educators to become more involved in the training of construction safety trainers. / A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Educational Leadership & Policy Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Fall Semester, 2003. / June 10, 2003. / Construction Safety, Industrial Training, Training, Vocational Education, Construction, Safety, Civil Engineering, Industrial Technology / Includes bibliographical references. / William R. Snyder, Professor Directing Dissertation; Bonnie Greenwood, Outside Committee Member; Beverly Bower, Committee Member; Michael Biance, Committee Member.

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Mental health professionals who provide treatment to sex offenders navigate the complex legal, ethics and moral intersections surrounding the population within the professional-personal dialectic. The purpose of this research study was to explore the potential relationship between mental health professional's attitudes toward sex offenders and their level of moral development in order to encourage increasingly effective training and experiential interventions which then may impact treatment outcomes. Research participants included licensed and non-licensed counselors, social workers and psychologists (n = 135). Along with a demographic questionnaire and the Marlowe- Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Defining Issues Test was used as a measure of moral development and the Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offender Scale evaluated the attitudes of mental health professionals toward the sex offender population. This study identified a statistically significant relationship between a mental health professional's level of moral development and attitude toward sex offenders with 6.2% of the variation in attitudes related to DIT-II N2 scores. Mental health professionals that engaged in greater amounts of self-directed training endorsed less negative attitudes toward sex offenders. No relationship was found between the mental health professional's length of experience, other types of training and attitudes toward sex offenders. The results and limitations identified within this study support further development of this line of research with an emphasis on recruiting a sample with a larger representation of participants with sex offenders specific credentialing and with the inclusion of additional or alternative assessments related to evaluating attitudes toward sex offenders.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if the behavior modeling approach to training could be used effectively to teach managers conflict management skills. The researcher explored whether behavior modeling training made a significant difference in the participants' conflict management behaviors and whether videotaped feedback to participants enhanced their gain scores.;Forty-eight managers from an industrial organization in central Virginia were the subjects for this study. The managers were invited to participate following a needs assessment identifying conflict management as a skill deficit.;The design used for this study was a combination of the pretest-posttest control group design and the posttest only control group design. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental treatment groups: Group I--behavior modeling training/no video feedback (N = 24) and Group II--behavior modeling training/video feedback (N = 24). Each group was broken into two sub-groups (N = 12). One received a pretest and posttest, the other received a posttest only. The eight dependent variables Describe the Problem, Ask for Reasons and Listen Attentively, Define Needs, Generate Alternatives, Evaluate Alternatives, Select an Alternative, Follow-up, and Overall Rating, were collected using assessment center methodology.;It was hypothesized that (1) behavior modeling would be an effective approach for training managers in conflict management skills, and (2) that videotaping participants' role plays for use as feedback would produce greater gains than behavior modeling without videotaped feedback.;It was concluded that behavior modeling training significantly improved scores on the eight dependent measures. However, behavior modeling training with videotaped feedback had no additional effect on the dependent measures.

The purpose of this study was to determine how RNs who were seniors in academic programs leading to a baccalaureate nursing education perceived their programs. These perceptions were determined by assessing: (1) the educational and experiential characteristics of senior re-entry registered nurses, (2) reasons for returning to college for a baccalaureate education, (3) perceptions of the relevancy of nursing course work, and (4) personal, professional and academic difficulties encountered in the program of study. The study also investigated specific demographic data with relationship to perceptions.;Participants attended nursing programs at seven Virginia state supported colleges and universities. A sample of convenience was used with a total of 78 participants (75% return rate). Participants were in their last semester of study at their respective universities.;The five research questions were: (1) What are the educational and experiential characteristics of the senior re-entry registered nurses who return to college for a baccalaureate nursing education, (2) What are the reasons senior re-entry registered nurses cite for their return to college for a baccalaureate nursing education, (3) How do senior re-entry registered nurses rate the relevancy of their nursing course work, (4) Is there a difference between the work experience of senior re-entry registered nurse students and their perceptions of the academic, professional and personal difficulties experienced while in college? (5) Is there a difference between the educational level of senior re-entry registered nurse students and their perceptions of the academic, professional and personal difficulties experienced while in college?;It was concluded that: The average re-entry RN is 31 to 40 years of age, female, married, with children, white and employed 1-10 years in staff nurse positions in hospitals. (1) Registered nurses return to college for personal reasons, because it is the trend in nursing, and for credibility/prestige, (2) nursing education material is current and reflects new research from a variety of sources, and is appropriate for their backgrounds, (3) the cost of education requires RNs to work in order to afford college, (4) and (5) there was no difference between AD graduates and diploma graduates based on experience and education.

This is a phenomenological study focused on a small, suburban Florida College System institution that has implemented a three-year induction program for new faculty, as part of its professional development program. It is related to retention of new faculty through the first five years. This study was undertaken to define and exemplify professional development and how it is utilized by practitioners. Secondly, it outlines induction programs and what works best to retain skilled faculty in FCS institutions. Members of several cohorts of the induction program were asked to participate in the study and were interviewed about their experiences in the program and of professional development in general over the first year of their employment. Deep analysis of interview transcripts revealed the benefits of a structured, defined induction program including forming a group dynamic within the cohorts, establishing connections across the offices on campus, and creating bonds with mentors in the discipline. This study focuses on state college faculty and creating an atmosphere that encourages retention and inhibits attrition beyond five years. The key findings of this study show new faculty who participate in a college-sponsored, mandatory induction program relate three primary experiences: establishing connections with others across the college and understanding their own place within the institutional structure, enhancing engagement to the college through mentoring experiences, and increasing their skill in teaching and learning in modalities including fully seated classes, hybrid classes, and completely online classes. These experiences relate to the primary themes uncovered through deep analysis of the collected data.