The prospects of studying multi-strange and charmed antihyperon-hyperon physics and CP violation in hyperon decays in the upcoming PANDA experiment at FAIR, Germany, have been studied in this thesis. The angular dependence on polarisation parameters in the decay of the spin 3/2 Omega hyperon was calculated using the density matrix formalism. Expressions for the angular distributions in the Ω -> ΛK and the subsequent Λ -> pπ decays were derived. Simulations were performed for the pbar p -> Ξ+ Ξ-, pbar p -> Ω+Ω- and pbar p -> Λc-Λc+ reactions. Special attention was given to the reconstruction of spin variables. It is shown that PANDA will register tens of events per second for the pbar p -> Ξ+Ξ- reaction. This should be compared to the previously existing data of a handfull of events. For the other two reactions the event rates will be lower, but still reasonably high. This will be the first measurements of these reactions. It is shown that spin variables can be reconstructed in all three reactions for all production angles of the hyperons. Simulations concerning the possibility to measure CP violation parameters in hyperon decays were also made for the reactions pbar p- > Λbar Λ and pbar p -> Ξ+Ξ-. It was found that false signals from detector asymmetries disappears if no particle identification criterium is used and the analysis is restricted to events were the hyperon decays occur close to the beam axis. The effect of the magnetic field in the PANDA detector on the measurement of hyperon spin variables was investigated for the case of pbar p -> Λbar Λ. The effect was observed to be small for polarisation and negligible for spin correlations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Physics, December 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-274).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855449.pdf: 4043234 bytes, checksum: 764d71e0d48fbcfce543c2becab2c918 (MD5) / Esta tese visa ao estudo das propriedades de violação de CP e mistura de sabor no Modelo Padrão (MP) e em extensões do mesmo. Estudaremos a conexão entre os dois fenômenos e a relação com os espaços formados pela replicação de multipletos de gauge, os quais chamaremos de espaços horizontais, presentes nos modelos. A presença de tais espaços em teorias de gauge é condição necessária para o aparecimento de mistura de sabor ao nível lagrangiano. Esta pode introduzir novas fontes de violação de CP, como no mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP (VECP), bem como, às vezes, dificultar a análise das propriedades de CP da teoria devido à liberdade de rotação nesses espaços (transformações horizontais). A relação entre replicação de multipletos escalares e violação de CP é investigada em extensões do MP com N dubletos de Higgs. No potencial escalar desses modelos as condições necessárias e suficientes para a violação explícita e espontânea de CP são estudadas e invariantes ímpares por CP, como invariante de Jarlskog no MP, são encontrados. Nessa mesma classe de modelos, o mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP é ilustrado nos modelos com dois e três dubletos, conjuntamente com as restrições impostas pela necessidade de supressão das correntes neutras que trocam sabor. A violação soft de CP é ilustrada em um modelo baseado no grupo de gauge eletrofraco SU(3)L x U(1)N e mostrado que pode acomodar a fenomenologia de violação de CP no sistema dos káons neutros mesmo quando o mecanismo CKM é desligado e toda a assimetria CP é proveniente da troca de férmions exóticos. O fenômeno de mistura de sabor é investigado no âmbito da oscilação de neutrinos, sob o ponto de vista de campos clássicos relativísticos, que incluem aspectos de localização, a fim de procurar por novos efeitos e desvios... / he aim of this thesis is the study of the properties of CP violation and flavor mixing in the Standard Model (SM) and in some of its extensions. We study the connection between both phenomena and their relation with the space formed by the replication of gauge multiplets, which will be called horizontal spaces, present in the models. The presence of such spaces in gauge theories is a necessary condition for the appearance of flavor mixing at the Lagrangian level. These identical multiplets can introduce new sources of CP violation, as in the mechanism of spontaneous CP violation (SCPV), and, sometimes, make difficult the analysis of the CP properties of the theory, due to the freedom to rotate the basis of such spaces. The relation between the replication of scalar multiplets and CP violation is investigated in extensions of the SM with N-Higgs-doublets. In the scalar potential of these models the necessary and sufficient conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation are studied and CP odd invariants, like the Jarlskog invariant in the SM, are found. In these class of models, the SCPV mechanism is illustrated in the 2-Higgs- and 3-Higgs-doublet models, and the restrictions imposed by the suppression of flavor changing neutral currents are also exposed. The soft CP violation is illustrated in a model based in the gauge group SU(3)L x U(1)N nd it is shown that it can accommodate the phenomenology of the CP violation of the neutral kaons system even when the CKM mechanism is switched off and all CP violation effects are mediated by exotic fermions. The flavor mixing phenomenon is investigated through neutrino flavor oscillations from the perspective of classical relativistic field theories taking localization aspects intoaccount to search for new effects and observable deviations from the usual oscillation formulas...

The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, in which a muon neutrino beam is directed over a 295 km baseline from the J-PARC facility to the Super-Kamiokande detector. This allows neutrino oscillation to be studied in two channels: disappearance of &nu;_&mu; and appearance of &nu;_e. The T2K beam can be run either in neutrino or antineutrino configuration, for a neutrino beam which is predominantly composed of &nu;_&mu; or anti -&nu;_&mu; respectively. This thesis presents the first oscillation analysis to combine neutrino-mode and antineutrino-mode data sets, giving the first ever sensitivity to the CP-violating phase &delta;_CP from T2K data alone, as well as the most precise T2K measurement of the other neutrino oscillation parameters. The analysis uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to construct a sample from the Bayesian posterior distribution, from which the oscillation parameters of interest and their uncertainties are estimated. Data samples from the T2K near detector, ND280, are fit simultaneously with data from the far detector in order to reduce the uncertainty in the far-detector prediction. When fitting the T2K data alone, the best-fit oscillation parameter values are sin² &theta;₂₃= 0.519^+0.031<sub style='position: relative; left: -2.8em;'>-0.059</sub>, sin² &theta;₁₃= 0.0257^+0.0106<sub style='position: relative; left: -3.2em;'>-0.0440</sub>, &Delta;m²<sub style='position: relative; left: -0.4em;'>32</sub>= 2.54^+0.12<sub style='position: relative; left: -2em;'>-0.10</sub> x 10^-3eV²,and &delta;_CP=-1.91 rad. The 90&percnt; credible interval for &delta;_CP excludes values around &pi;/2: &delta;_CP &notin; [0.38, 2.60] rad. When fitting the T2K data with a constraint on sin² &theta;₁₃ from measurements by reactor experiments, the best-fit oscillation parameter values are sin² &theta;₂₃= 0.519^+0.061<sub style='position: relative; left: -2.8em;'>-0.029</sub>, sin² &theta;₁₃= ^+0.0014<sub style='position: relative; left: -3.2em;'>-0.0014</sub>, Dm²<sub style='position: relative; left: -0.4em;'>32</sub>= 2.54^+0.12<sub style='position: relative; left: -2em;'>-0.12</sub> x 10^-3eV², and &delta;_CP=-1.72 rad. The 90&percnt; credible interval for &delta;_CP contains values &delta;_CP &isin; [-3.10,-0.17] rad, excluding the CP-conserving values 0 and ± &pi; at 90&percnt; probability.

Using 3 fbˉ1 of proton-proton collisions, collected at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 and 8 TeV by the LHCb detector, several measurements of charmless B⁰s meson decays are made. A search is also performed for a highly suppressed B⁰ decay. First, the branching fraction of the B0⁰s→ ØØ decay is measured to be B(B⁰s→ ØØ) = (1.84 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.07(syst) ± 0.11(fs=fd) ± 0.12(norm))X10ˉ⁵; where the third and fourth uncertainties arise from the fragmentation fraction fs/fd and the branching fraction of the normalisation mode. This represents a factor of five reduction in the statistical uncertainty compared to the previous best measurement. An upper limit on the branching fraction of the mode B⁰→ ØØ is set at B(B⁰→ ØØ) < 2.8 X 10ˉ⁸ (90% CL). This is a factor of seven improvement over the previous best measurement. An amplitude analysis of the B⁰s→ ØK+Kˉ decay is performed, wherein first observations of the decay modes B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) and B⁰s→ ØØ(1680) are made. The branching fraction of the B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) decay is measured to be B(B⁰s→ Øf´2 (1525)) = (1.63 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.12(syst) ± 0.29(model) ± 0.17(norm)) X 10ˉ⁶; where the 'model' uncertainty arises from the choice of amplitude model. The longitudinal polarisation fraction of the decay B⁰s→ Øf´2(1525) is measured to be F0 = (86.6 ± 3.4 ± 0.8 ± 2.0 (model))%.

De nos jours, l'incomplétude du modèle standard des particules est largement reconnue. L'une de ses failles les plus évidentes est le manque d'explication de l'énorme excédent de matière par rapport à l'antimatière dans l'univers, que l'on appelle l'asymétrie baryonique de l'univers. De nouvelles violations de CP (conjugaison de charge et parité spatiale) absentes dans le modèle standard sont supposées être responsables de cette asymétrie. Une telle violation pourrait être observée dans la matière ordinaire à travers un ensemble d'interactions violant les symétries de parité et de renversement du temps (impaires pour P,T) dont les prépondérantes sont les interactions du moment dipolaire électrique de l'électron (eEDM), électron-nucléon scalaire-pseudoscalaire (enSPS) et du moment quadripolaire magnétique nucléaire (nMQM). Ainsi, une preuve expérimentale d'une constante d'interaction impaire pour P,T serait une preuve de cette nouvelle physique au-delà du modèle standard. Le calcul des paramètres moléculaires correspondants est réalisé en utilisant une approche d'interaction de configurations relativiste à quatre composantes dans des molécules diatomiques polaires contenant un actinide, qui sont des systèmes particulièrement appropriés pour les expèriences eEDM, tels que ThO qui a permis d'assigner à l'eEDM la borne supérieure la plus contraignante et ThF+ qui sera utilisé dans une expérience à venir. Ces résultats sont d'une importance cruciale dans l'interprétation des mesures puisque les constantes fondamentales ne peuvent être évaluées que si l'on associe les mesures de décalages énergétiques et les paramètres moléculaires théoriques. / Nowadays, the incompleteness of the Standard Model of particles is largely acknowledged. One of its most obvious shortcomings is the lack of explanation for the huge surplus of matter over antimatter in the universe, the so-called Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. New CP (Charge conjugation and spatial Parity) violations absent in the SM are assumed to be responsible for this asymmetry. Such a violation could be observed in ordinary matter through a set of interactions violating both parity and time-reversal symmetries (P,T-odd), among which the preponderant ones are the electron Electric Dipole Moment (eEDM), the electron-nucleon scalar-pseudoscalar (enSPS) and the nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (nMQM) interactions. Hence, an experimental evidence of a non-zero P,T-odd interaction constant would be a probe of this New Physics beyond the Standard Model. The calculation of the corresponding molecular parameters is performed by making use of an elaborate four-component relativistic configuration interaction approach in polar diatomic molecules containing an actinide, that are particularly adequate systems for eEDM experiments, such as ThO that allowed for assigning the most constraining upper bound on the eEDM and ThF+ that will be used in a forthcoming experiment. Those results will be of crucial importance in the interpretation of the measurements since the fundamental constants can only be evaluated if one combines both experimental energy shift measurements and theoretical molecular parameters.

Orientador: Juan Carlos Montero garcia / Banca: Alex Gomes Dias / Banca: Hiroshi Nunokawa / Banca: Marcelo Moraes Guzzo / Banca: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Resumo: Esta tese visa ao estudo das propriedades de violação de CP e mistura de sabor no Modelo Padrão (MP) e em extensões do mesmo. Estudaremos a conexão entre os dois fenômenos e a relação com os espaços formados pela replicação de multipletos de gauge, os quais chamaremos de espaços horizontais, presentes nos modelos. A presença de tais espaços em teorias de gauge é condição necessária para o aparecimento de mistura de sabor ao nível lagrangiano. Esta pode introduzir novas fontes de violação de CP, como no mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP (VECP), bem como, às vezes, dificultar a análise das propriedades de CP da teoria devido à liberdade de "rotação" nesses espaços (transformações horizontais). A relação entre replicação de multipletos escalares e violação de CP é investigada em extensões do MP com N dubletos de Higgs. No potencial escalar desses modelos as condições necessárias e suficientes para a violação explícita e espontânea de CP são estudadas e invariantes ímpares por CP, como invariante de Jarlskog no MP, são encontrados. Nessa mesma classe de modelos, o mecanismo de violação espontânea de CP é ilustrado nos modelos com dois e três dubletos, conjuntamente com as restrições impostas pela necessidade de supressão das correntes neutras que trocam sabor. A violação soft de CP é ilustrada em um modelo baseado no grupo de gauge eletrofraco SU(3)L x U(1)N e mostrado que pode acomodar a fenomenologia de violação de CP no sistema dos káons neutros mesmo quando o mecanismo CKM é desligado e toda a assimetria CP é proveniente da troca de férmions exóticos. O fenômeno de mistura de sabor é investigado no âmbito da oscilação de neutrinos, sob o ponto de vista de campos clássicos relativísticos, que incluem aspectos de localização, a fim de procurar por novos efeitos e desvios... / Abstract: he aim of this thesis is the study of the properties of CP violation and flavor mixing in the Standard Model (SM) and in some of its extensions. We study the connection between both phenomena and their relation with the space formed by the replication of gauge multiplets, which will be called horizontal spaces, present in the models. The presence of such spaces in gauge theories is a necessary condition for the appearance of flavor mixing at the Lagrangian level. These identical multiplets can introduce new sources of CP violation, as in the mechanism of spontaneous CP violation (SCPV), and, sometimes, make difficult the analysis of the CP properties of the theory, due to the freedom to "rotate" the basis of such spaces. The relation between the replication of scalar multiplets and CP violation is investigated in extensions of the SM with N-Higgs-doublets. In the scalar potential of these models the necessary and sufficient conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation are studied and CP odd invariants, like the Jarlskog invariant in the SM, are found. In these class of models, the SCPV mechanism is illustrated in the 2-Higgs- and 3-Higgs-doublet models, and the restrictions imposed by the suppression of flavor changing neutral currents are also exposed. The soft CP violation is illustrated in a model based in the gauge group SU(3)L x U(1)N nd it is shown that it can accommodate the phenomenology of the CP violation of the neutral kaons system even when the CKM mechanism is switched off and all CP violation effects are mediated by exotic fermions. The flavor mixing phenomenon is investigated through neutrino flavor oscillations from the perspective of classical relativistic field theories taking localization aspects intoaccount to search for new effects and observable deviations from the usual oscillation formulas... / Doutor