Les plantes produisent une grande variété de produits naturels pour faire face aux conditions environnementales. Les enzymes de la famille CYP98 des cytochromes P450 sont des enzymes clés dans la production des composés dérivés de la voie des phénylpropanoïdes. Ces enzymes sont impliquées dans l'hydroxylation des esters phénoliques pour la biosynthèse des monolignols chez les angiospermes, mais elles sont également impliquées dans la production de divers autres composés phénoliques solubles. Nous avons caractérisé des CYP98 représentatifs des mousses, Lycopodes, fougères, Gymnospermes, Angiospermes basales, Monocotylédones et Eudicotylédones et démontré que leur préférence de substrat a changé au cours de l'évolution. Un mutant knock-out de CYP98 de mousse a révélé un phénotype sévère et que le p-coumaroyl-thréonate est substrat de l’enzyme in vivo. Une duplication des CYP98s ne peut être observée que dans le génome des Angiospermes, qui présentent généralement une isoforme potentiellement impliquée dans la biosynthèse de la lignine et autres isoformes, résultant de duplications indépendantes, dont le spectre de substrats est plus large in vitro. / Plants produce a rich variety of natural products to face environmental constraints. Enzymes of the cytochrome P450 CYP98 family are key actors in the production of phenolic bioactive compounds. They hydroxylate phenolic esters for lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms, but also produce various other bioactive phenolics. We characterized CYP98s from a moss, a lycopod, a fern, a conifer, a basal angiosperm, a monocot and from two eudicots. We found that substrate preference of the enzymes has changed during evolution of land plants with typical lignin-related activities only appearing in angiosperms, suggesting that ferns, similar to lycopods, produce lignin through an alternative route. A moss CYP98 knock-out mutant revealed coumaroyl-threonate as CYP98 substrate in vivo and showed a severe phenotype. Multiple CYP98s per species exist only in the angiosperms, where we generally found one isoform presumably involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols, and additional isoforms, resulting from independent duplications, with a broad range of functions in vitro.

Plants produce a rich variety of natural products to face environmental constraints. Enzymes of the cytochrome P450 CYP98 family are key actors in the production of phenolic bioactive compounds. They hydroxylate phenolic esters for lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms, but also produce various other bioactive phenolics. We characterized CYP98s from a moss, a lycopod, a fern, a conifer, a basal angiosperm, a monocot and from two eudicots. We found that substrate preference of the enzymes has changed during evolution of land plants with typical lignin-related activities only appearing in angiosperms, suggesting that ferns, similar to lycopods, produce lignin through an alternative route. A moss CYP98 knock-out mutant revealed coumaroyl-threonate as CYP98 substrate in vivo and showed a severe phenotype. Multiple CYP98s per species exist only in the angiosperms, where we generally found one isoform presumably involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols, and additional isoforms, resulting from independent duplications, with a broad range of functions in vitro / Graduate / 2017-08-31